野鸦椿Euscaphis japonica
中文名（Chinese Name）：野鸦椿
学名（Scientific Name）：Euscaphis japonica (Thunb.) Kanitz
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：小山辣子、山海椒、鸡肾果
异名（Synonym）：Euscaphis fukienensis Hsu Euscaphis japonica var. jianningensis Q. J. Wang Euscaphis japonica var. pubescens P. L. Chiu et G. R. Zhong Euscaphis japonica var. ternata Rehder Euscaphis konishii Hayata Euscaphis chinensis Gagnep. Evodia chaffanjonii H. Lév. Sambucus japonica Thunb. Euscaphis staphyleoide Siebold et Zucc. Euscaphis tonkinensis Gagnep. Euodia chaffanjonii H. Lév. Euscaphis japonica f. lanata (Masam.) K.Iwats. & H.Ohba Euscaphis japonica var. lanata (Masam.) Masam. Euscaphis saponica Pax Euscaphis simplicifolia Siebold & Zucc. Euscaphis staphyleoides Siebold & Zucc. Evodia chaffanjoni H.Lév. Hebokia japonica Raf.
科属（Family & Genus）：省沽油科Staphyleaceae野鸦椿属Euscaphis
形态特征（Description）：落叶小乔木或灌木，高(2-3-6(-8)米，树皮灰褐色，具纵条纹，小枝及芽红紫色，枝叶揉碎后发出恶臭气味。叶对生，奇数羽状复叶，长(8-)12-32厘米，叶轴淡绿色，小叶5-9,稀3-11,厚纸质，长卵形或椭圆形，稀为圆形，长4-6(-9)厘米，宽2-3(-4)厘米，先端渐尖，基部钝圆，边缘具疏短锯齿，齿尖有腺休，两面除背面沿脉有白色小柔毛外余无毛，主脉在上面明显，在背面突出，侧脉8-11，在两面可见，小叶柄长1-2毫米，小托叶线形，基部较宽，先端尖，有微柔毛。圆锥花序顶生，花梗长达21厘米，花多，较密集，黄白色，径4-5毫米，萼片与花瓣均5，椭圆形，萼片宿存，花盘盘状，心皮3，分离。蓇葖果长1-2厘米，每一花发育为1-3个蓇葖，果皮软革质，紫红色，有纵脉纹，种子近圆形，径约5毫米，假种皮肉质，黑色，有光泽。花期5-6月，果期8-9月。
分布（Distribution）：除西北各省外，全国均产，主产江南各省，西至云南东北部。日本、朝鲜也有。
用途（Use）：木材可为器具用材，种子油可制皂，树皮提烤胶，根及干果入药，用于祛风除湿。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 11 Page 67, 498
Euscaphis japonica (Thunberg) Kanitz, Term. Füz. 3: 157 [Exp. Asiae Orient. 24]. 1878.
野鸦椿 ye ya chun| Staphyleaceae | Euscaphis
Sambucus japonica Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 295. 1784; Euodia chaffanjonii H. Léveillé; Euscaphis chinensis Gagnepain; E. fukienensis Hsu; E. japonica var. jianningensis Q. J. Wang; E. japonica var. pubescens P. L. Chiu & G. R. Zhong; E. japonica var. ternata Rehder; E. konishii Hayata; E. staphyleoides Siebold & Zuccarini; E. tonkinensis Gagnepain.
Small deciduous trees or shrubs, (2-)3-6(-8) m tall; bark grayish brown, striped. Twigs and buds dark purple. Branches glabrescent. Leaves with pale green rachis, (8-)12-32 cm; stipule linear, pilose, base broad, tapering to tip; leaflets 5-9, rarely 3-11, with unpleasant odor when crushed; petiolule 1-2 mm, glabrescent; leaflet blades elliptic to oblong-ovate or sometimes oblong-lanceolate, rarely ovate, 4-6(-9) × 2-3(-4) cm, papery, glabrous or pilose along veins, adaxially green, abaxially pale, main vein impressed adaxially and prominent abaxially, lateral veins 8-11, conspicuous on both surfaces, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin sparsely serrulate with glandular teeth, apex acuminate. Inflorescence a terminal panicle, up to 21 cm. Flower small, yellowish white, 4-5 mm in diam.; pedicel ca. 2 mm. Sepals oval, ca. 2 mm, base united, margin ciliate, apex obtuse. Petals yellowish green, obovate, slightly longer than sepals. Stamens shorter than petals; anthers oval. Ovary ovoid; carpels 3, free or base slightly united. Follicle 1-2 cm, 1-3-locular; pericarp softly leathery, red-brown with irregular ribs. Seeds shining black, subglobose, ca. 5 mm in diam.; arils fleshy. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Aug-Nov.
Mountain valleys, open forests. Most provinces in China except NW regions, especially in areas S of the Chang Jiang to Hainan [Japan, Korea, Vietnam].
This species is grown as an ornamental. The wood is used for making furniture, oil from the seeds is used for making soap, and tannin is extracted from the bark. The roots and dry fruits are used medicinally.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Euscaphis japonica (Thunb.) Kanitz
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：小山辣子、山海椒、鸡肾果
异名（Synonym）：Euscaphis fukienensis Hsu Euscaphis japonica var. jianningensis Q. J. Wang Euscaphis japonica var. pubescens P. L. Chiu et G. R. Zhong Euscaphis japonica var. ternata Rehder Euscaphis konishii Hayata Euscaphis chinensis Gagnep. Evodia chaffanjonii H. Lév. Sambucus japonica Thunb. Euscaphis staphyleoide Siebold et Zucc. Euscaphis tonkinensis Gagnep. Euodia chaffanjonii H. Lév. Euscaphis japonica f. lanata (Masam.) K.Iwats. & H.Ohba Euscaphis japonica var. lanata (Masam.) Masam. Euscaphis saponica Pax Euscaphis simplicifolia Siebold & Zucc. Euscaphis staphyleoides Siebold & Zucc. Evodia chaffanjoni H.Lév. Hebokia japonica Raf.
科属（Family & Genus）：省沽油科Staphyleaceae野鸦椿属Euscaphis
形态特征（Description）：落叶小乔木或灌木，高(2-3-6(-8)米，树皮灰褐色，具纵条纹，小枝及芽红紫色，枝叶揉碎后发出恶臭气味。叶对生，奇数羽状复叶，长(8-)12-32厘米，叶轴淡绿色，小叶5-9,稀3-11,厚纸质，长卵形或椭圆形，稀为圆形，长4-6(-9)厘米，宽2-3(-4)厘米，先端渐尖，基部钝圆，边缘具疏短锯齿，齿尖有腺休，两面除背面沿脉有白色小柔毛外余无毛，主脉在上面明显，在背面突出，侧脉8-11，在两面可见，小叶柄长1-2毫米，小托叶线形，基部较宽，先端尖，有微柔毛。圆锥花序顶生，花梗长达21厘米，花多，较密集，黄白色，径4-5毫米，萼片与花瓣均5，椭圆形，萼片宿存，花盘盘状，心皮3，分离。蓇葖果长1-2厘米，每一花发育为1-3个蓇葖，果皮软革质，紫红色，有纵脉纹，种子近圆形，径约5毫米，假种皮肉质，黑色，有光泽。花期5-6月，果期8-9月。
分布（Distribution）：除西北各省外，全国均产，主产江南各省，西至云南东北部。日本、朝鲜也有。
用途（Use）：木材可为器具用材，种子油可制皂，树皮提烤胶，根及干果入药，用于祛风除湿。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 11 Page 67, 498
Euscaphis japonica (Thunberg) Kanitz, Term. Füz. 3: 157 [Exp. Asiae Orient. 24]. 1878.
野鸦椿 ye ya chun| Staphyleaceae | Euscaphis
Sambucus japonica Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 295. 1784; Euodia chaffanjonii H. Léveillé; Euscaphis chinensis Gagnepain; E. fukienensis Hsu; E. japonica var. jianningensis Q. J. Wang; E. japonica var. pubescens P. L. Chiu & G. R. Zhong; E. japonica var. ternata Rehder; E. konishii Hayata; E. staphyleoides Siebold & Zuccarini; E. tonkinensis Gagnepain.
Small deciduous trees or shrubs, (2-)3-6(-8) m tall; bark grayish brown, striped. Twigs and buds dark purple. Branches glabrescent. Leaves with pale green rachis, (8-)12-32 cm; stipule linear, pilose, base broad, tapering to tip; leaflets 5-9, rarely 3-11, with unpleasant odor when crushed; petiolule 1-2 mm, glabrescent; leaflet blades elliptic to oblong-ovate or sometimes oblong-lanceolate, rarely ovate, 4-6(-9) × 2-3(-4) cm, papery, glabrous or pilose along veins, adaxially green, abaxially pale, main vein impressed adaxially and prominent abaxially, lateral veins 8-11, conspicuous on both surfaces, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin sparsely serrulate with glandular teeth, apex acuminate. Inflorescence a terminal panicle, up to 21 cm. Flower small, yellowish white, 4-5 mm in diam.; pedicel ca. 2 mm. Sepals oval, ca. 2 mm, base united, margin ciliate, apex obtuse. Petals yellowish green, obovate, slightly longer than sepals. Stamens shorter than petals; anthers oval. Ovary ovoid; carpels 3, free or base slightly united. Follicle 1-2 cm, 1-3-locular; pericarp softly leathery, red-brown with irregular ribs. Seeds shining black, subglobose, ca. 5 mm in diam.; arils fleshy. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Aug-Nov.
Mountain valleys, open forests. Most provinces in China except NW regions, especially in areas S of the Chang Jiang to Hainan [Japan, Korea, Vietnam].
This species is grown as an ornamental. The wood is used for making furniture, oil from the seeds is used for making soap, and tannin is extracted from the bark. The roots and dry fruits are used medicinally.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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