辽东楤木Aralia elata
中文名（Chinese Name）：辽东楤木
学名（Scientific Name）：Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：龙牙楤木，刺龙牙，刺老鸦
异名（Synonym）：Aralia chinensis var. nuda Nakai Aralia hupehensis Hoo Aralia subcapitata Hoo Aralia taibaiensis Z. Z. Wang et H. C. Zheng Aralia planchoniana Hance Dimorphanthus elatus Miq. Aralia elata var. subinermis Ohwi Aralia emeiensis Z. Z. Zhu Aralia gaoshania Z. Y. Zhu Aralia manchurica Seem. Aralia chinensis var. elata (Miq.) Lavallée Aralia spinosa var. canescens (Siebold et Zucc.) Franch. et P. A. L. Savat. Aralia spinosa var. elata (Miq.) Sarg. Aralia canescens Siebold et Zucc.
科属（Family & Genus）：五加科Araliaceae楤木属Aralia
形态特征（Description）：灌木或小乔木，高1.5-6米，树皮灰色；小枝灰棕色，疏生多数细刺；刺长1-3毫米，基部膨大；嫩枝上常有长达1.5厘米的细长直刺。叶为二回或三回羽状复叶，长40-80厘米；叶柄长20-40厘米，无毛；托叶和叶柄基部合生，先端离生部分线形，长约3毫米，边缘有纤毛；叶轴和羽片轴基部通常有短刺；羽片有小叶7-11，基部有小叶1对；小叶片薄纸质或膜质，阔卵形、卵形至椭圆状卵形，长5-15厘米，宽2.5-8厘米，先端渐尖，基部圆形至心形，稀阔楔形，上面绿色，下面灰绿色，无毛或两面脉上有短柔毛和细刺毛，边缘疏生锯齿，有时为粗大齿牙或细锯齿，稀为波状，侧脉6-8对，两面明显，网脉不明显；小叶柄长3-5毫米，稀长达1.2厘米，顶生小叶柄长达3厘米。圆锥花序长30-45厘米，伞房状；主轴短，长2-5厘米，分枝在主轴顶端指状排列，密生灰色短柔毛；伞形花序直径1-1.5厘米，有花多数或少数；总花梗长0.8-4厘米，花梗长6-7毫米，均密生短柔毛；苞片和小苞片披针形，膜质，边缘有纤毛，前者长5毫米，后者长2毫米；花黄白色；萼无毛，长1.5毫米，边缘有5个卵状三角形小齿；花瓣5，长1.5毫米，卵状三角形，开花时反曲；子房5室；花柱5，离生或基部合生。果实球形，黑色，直径4毫米，有5稜。花期6-8月，果期9-10月。
分布（Distribution）：分布于黑龙江北部（黑龙江）、东北部（伊春、饶河）、南部（平山），吉林中部以东（蛟河、漫江、安图）和辽宁东北部（鸡冠山）。生于森林中，海拔约1000米上下。朝鲜、苏联和日本也有分布。
用途（Use）：FOC Vol. 13 Page 480, 481, 484
Aralia elata (Miquel) Seemann, J. Bot. 6: 134. 1868.
楤木 cong mu | Araliaceae | Aralia
Shrubs or small trees, 2-5(-8) m tall, andromonoecious. Branches armed with sparse prickles. Leaves 2(or 3)-pinnately compound, with a pair of accessory leaflets at each division of rachis; petiole to ca. 50 cm, glabrous or pubescent, prickly; petiolules 3-5 mm; leaflets 5-11(-13) per pinna, broadly ovate to elliptic-ovate or narrowly ovate, 5-12(-19) × 2.5-8 cm, membranous, papery, or subleathery, abaxially glabrous or light yellow or gray pubescent, sometimes or more densely pubescent on veins, or sometimes glabrescent, adaxially sparsely strigose, secondary veins 6-10 pairs, raised abaxially, conspicuous adaxially, base cordate to subcordate or rounded, margin serrulate, apex acuminate. Inflorescence a terminal panicle of umbels, densely yellow-brown or gray pubescent, unarmed; primary axis 1-5 cm; secondary axes 20-35 cm; ultimate axes with a terminal umbel of bisexual flowers and 1 to several lateral umbels of male flowers; bracts persistent, lanceolate to subulate, 2-5 mm, sometimes ciliate; umbels 6-15-flowered; pedicels 1-10 mm, densely pubescent. Ovary 5-carpellate; styles 5, free or united to middle. Fruit globose, ca. 3-4 mm in diam.; styles persistent. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Sep-Dec. 2n = 24*.
Forests, forest margins, scrub fields, roadsides; near sea level to 2700 m. Anhui, Fujian, S Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, N Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, E Russia].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：龙牙楤木，刺龙牙，刺老鸦
异名（Synonym）：Aralia chinensis var. nuda Nakai Aralia hupehensis Hoo Aralia subcapitata Hoo Aralia taibaiensis Z. Z. Wang et H. C. Zheng Aralia planchoniana Hance Dimorphanthus elatus Miq. Aralia elata var. subinermis Ohwi Aralia emeiensis Z. Z. Zhu Aralia gaoshania Z. Y. Zhu Aralia manchurica Seem. Aralia chinensis var. elata (Miq.) Lavallée Aralia spinosa var. canescens (Siebold et Zucc.) Franch. et P. A. L. Savat. Aralia spinosa var. elata (Miq.) Sarg. Aralia canescens Siebold et Zucc.
科属（Family & Genus）：五加科Araliaceae楤木属Aralia
形态特征（Description）：灌木或小乔木，高1.5-6米，树皮灰色；小枝灰棕色，疏生多数细刺；刺长1-3毫米，基部膨大；嫩枝上常有长达1.5厘米的细长直刺。叶为二回或三回羽状复叶，长40-80厘米；叶柄长20-40厘米，无毛；托叶和叶柄基部合生，先端离生部分线形，长约3毫米，边缘有纤毛；叶轴和羽片轴基部通常有短刺；羽片有小叶7-11，基部有小叶1对；小叶片薄纸质或膜质，阔卵形、卵形至椭圆状卵形，长5-15厘米，宽2.5-8厘米，先端渐尖，基部圆形至心形，稀阔楔形，上面绿色，下面灰绿色，无毛或两面脉上有短柔毛和细刺毛，边缘疏生锯齿，有时为粗大齿牙或细锯齿，稀为波状，侧脉6-8对，两面明显，网脉不明显；小叶柄长3-5毫米，稀长达1.2厘米，顶生小叶柄长达3厘米。圆锥花序长30-45厘米，伞房状；主轴短，长2-5厘米，分枝在主轴顶端指状排列，密生灰色短柔毛；伞形花序直径1-1.5厘米，有花多数或少数；总花梗长0.8-4厘米，花梗长6-7毫米，均密生短柔毛；苞片和小苞片披针形，膜质，边缘有纤毛，前者长5毫米，后者长2毫米；花黄白色；萼无毛，长1.5毫米，边缘有5个卵状三角形小齿；花瓣5，长1.5毫米，卵状三角形，开花时反曲；子房5室；花柱5，离生或基部合生。果实球形，黑色，直径4毫米，有5稜。花期6-8月，果期9-10月。
分布（Distribution）：分布于黑龙江北部（黑龙江）、东北部（伊春、饶河）、南部（平山），吉林中部以东（蛟河、漫江、安图）和辽宁东北部（鸡冠山）。生于森林中，海拔约1000米上下。朝鲜、苏联和日本也有分布。
用途（Use）：FOC Vol. 13 Page 480, 481, 484
Aralia elata (Miquel) Seemann, J. Bot. 6: 134. 1868.
楤木 cong mu | Araliaceae | Aralia
Shrubs or small trees, 2-5(-8) m tall, andromonoecious. Branches armed with sparse prickles. Leaves 2(or 3)-pinnately compound, with a pair of accessory leaflets at each division of rachis; petiole to ca. 50 cm, glabrous or pubescent, prickly; petiolules 3-5 mm; leaflets 5-11(-13) per pinna, broadly ovate to elliptic-ovate or narrowly ovate, 5-12(-19) × 2.5-8 cm, membranous, papery, or subleathery, abaxially glabrous or light yellow or gray pubescent, sometimes or more densely pubescent on veins, or sometimes glabrescent, adaxially sparsely strigose, secondary veins 6-10 pairs, raised abaxially, conspicuous adaxially, base cordate to subcordate or rounded, margin serrulate, apex acuminate. Inflorescence a terminal panicle of umbels, densely yellow-brown or gray pubescent, unarmed; primary axis 1-5 cm; secondary axes 20-35 cm; ultimate axes with a terminal umbel of bisexual flowers and 1 to several lateral umbels of male flowers; bracts persistent, lanceolate to subulate, 2-5 mm, sometimes ciliate; umbels 6-15-flowered; pedicels 1-10 mm, densely pubescent. Ovary 5-carpellate; styles 5, free or united to middle. Fruit globose, ca. 3-4 mm in diam.; styles persistent. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Sep-Dec. 2n = 24*.
Forests, forest margins, scrub fields, roadsides; near sea level to 2700 m. Anhui, Fujian, S Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, N Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, E Russia].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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