中文名（Chinese Name）：沙梨
学名（Scientific Name）：Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm. f.) Nakai
英文名（English Common Name）：Chinese pear
别名（Chinese Common Name）：麻安梨
异名（Synonym）：Pyrus serotina Rehder
科属（Family & Genus）：蔷薇科（Rosaceae）梨属
形态特征（Description）：乔木，高达7-15米；小枝嫩时具黄褐色长柔毛或绒毛，不久脱落，二年生枝紫褐色或暗褐色，具稀疏皮孔；冬芽长卵形，先端圆钝，鳞片边缘和先端稍具长绒毛。叶片卵状椭圆形或卵形，长7-12厘米，宽4-6.5厘米，先端长尖，基部圆形或近心形，稀宽楔形，边缘有刺芒锯齿。微向内合拢，上下两面无毛或嫩时有褐色绵毛；叶柄长3-4.5厘米，嫩时被绒毛，不久脱落；托叶膜质，线状披针形，长1-1.5厘米，先端渐尖，全缘，边缘具有长柔毛，早落。伞形总状花序，具花6-9朵，直径5-7厘米；总花梗和花梗幼时微具柔毛，花梗长3.5-5厘米；苞片膜质，线形，边缘有长柔毛；花直径2.5-3.5厘米；萼片三角卵形，长约5毫米，先端渐尖，边缘有腺齿；外面无毛，内面密被褐色绒毛；花瓣卵形，长15-17毫米，先端啮齿状，基部具短爪，白色；雄蕊20，长约等于花瓣之半；花柱5，稀4，光滑无毛，约与雄蕊等长。果实近球形，浅褐色，有浅色斑点，先端微向下陷，萼片脱落；种子卵形，微扁，长8-10毫米，深褐色。花期4月，果期8月。
分布（Distribution）：产安徽、江苏、浙江、江西、湖北、湖南、贵州、四川、云南、广东、广西、福建，适宜生海拔100-1400米长在温暖而多雨的地区。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 9 Page 177     
Pyrus pyrifolia (N. L. Burman) Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo). 40: 564. 1926.
沙梨 sha li| Rosaceae  | Pyrus
Ficus pyrifolia N. L. Burman, Fl. Ind. 226. 1768; Pyrus serotina Rehder.
Trees to 7–15 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown or dark brown when old, terete, tawny villous or tawny tomentose when young, soon glabrescent, glabrous when old, sparsely lenticellate; buds narrowly ovoid, apex obtuse; scales tomentose at margin and apex. Stipules caducous, linear-lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm, membranous, margin villous and entire, apex acuminate; petiole 3–4.5 cm, initially tomentose, glabrescent; leaf blade ovate-elliptic or ovate, 7–12 × 4–6.5 cm, glabrous or brown lanate when young, base rounded or subcordate, rarely broadly cuneate, margin spinulose-serrate, apex acute. Raceme umbel-like, 6–9-flowered; peduncle sparsely pubescent when young; bracts caducous, linear, 1–1.4 cm, membranous, villous at margin, apex acuminate. Pedicel 3.5–5 cm; sparsely pubescent when young. Flowers 2.5–3.5 cm in diam. Hypanthium cupular, abaxially glabrous. Sepals triangular-ovate, ca. 5 mm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially brown tomentose, margin glandular denticulate, apex acuminate. Petals white, ovate, 1.5–1.7 cm, base shortly clawed, apex rounded. Stamens 20, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. Ovary 5- or 4-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 5, rarely 4, nearly as long as stamens, glabrous. Pome brownish, with pale dots, subglobose, 2–2.5 cm in diam., (4- or)5-loculed; sepals caducous; fruiting pedicel 3.5–5.5 cm, subglabrous. Fl. Apr, fr. Aug. 2n = 34*, 51*.
Warm rainy regions; 100--1400 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Laos, Vietnam].
Many varieties of pear cultivated in the regions of the Chang Jiang and Zhu Jiang rivers belong to this species.
 




（责任编辑：徐晔春）