椰子 Cocos nucifera

中文名(Chinese Name):椰子
学名(Scientific Name):Cocos nucifera L.
英文名(English Common Name):coconut palm
别名(Chinese Common Name):可可椰子
异名Synonym):Cocos indica Royle  Cocos nana Griff.  Palma cocos Mill., nom. illeg.  Calappa nucifera (L.) Kuntze  Cocos nucifera var. synphyllica Becc.
科属Family & Genus):棕榈科(Palmae)椰子属
形态特征(Description):植株高大,乔木状,高15-30米,茎粗壮,有环状叶痕,基部增粗,常有簇生小根。叶羽状全裂,长3-4米;裂片多数,外向折叠,革质,线状披针形,长65-100厘米或更长,宽3-4厘米,顶端渐尖;叶柄粗壮,长达1米以上。花序腋生,长1.5-2米,多分枝;佛焰苞纺锤形,厚木质,最下部的长60-100厘米或更长,老时脱落;雄花萼片3片,鳞片状,长3-4毫米,花瓣3枚,卵状长圆形,长1-1.5厘米,雄蕊6枚,花丝长1毫米,花药长3毫米;雌花基部有小苞片数枚;萼片阔圆形,宽约2.5厘米,花瓣与萼片相似,但较小。果卵球状或近球形,顶端微具三棱,长约15-25厘米,外果皮薄,中果皮厚纤维质,内果皮木质坚硬,基部有3孔,其中的1孔与胚相对,萌发时即由此孔穿出,其余2孔坚实,果腔含有胚乳(即“果肉”或种仁),胚和汁液(椰子水)。花果期主要在秋季。
分布(Distribution):椰子主要产于我国广东南部诸岛及雷州半岛、海南、台湾及云南南部热带地区。
用途(Use):椰子具有极高的经济价值,全株各部分都有用途。未熟胚乳(“果肉”)可作为热带水果食用;椰子水是一种可口的清凉饮料;成熟的椰肉含脂肪达70%,可榨油,还可加工各种糖果、糕点;椰壳可制成各种器皿和工艺品,也可制活性炭;椰纤维可制毛刷、地毯、缆绳等;树干可作建筑材料;叶子可盖屋顶或编织;根可入药;椰子水除饮用外,因含有生长物质,是组织培养的良好促进剂。此外,椰子树形优美,是热带地区绿化美化环境的优良树种。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 23 Page 132, 154   
Cocos nucifera Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1188. 1753.
椰子 ye zi| Arecaceae  | Cocos
Cocos indica Royle; C. nana Griffith.
Stems to 20 m tall, 30 cm or more in diam. Pinnae to 100 per side of rachis, regularly arranged and stiffly spreading in same plane. Inflorescences borne among leaves. Fruits greenish to reddish brown, ovoid to irregularly globose, to 30 × 20 cm.
Commonly planted at low elevations, occasionally to 1000 m. Guangdong, Hainan (especially common), Taiwan, Yunnan [coastal areas throughout the tropics].
The coconut is an important commercial crop, producing coconut oil, coir, and toddy. Coconut oil is obtained from the dried endosperm (known as copra) and has been used in the manufacture of soap and margarine. Coir is obtained from the fibrous mesocarp and is used to weave mats and rugs. Toddy is sugar-containing sap, which is tapped from unopened inflorescences and often fermented into an alcoholic drink. Apart from these major uses, the coconut has a host of minor uses, especially as an ornamental plant. In Hainan, coconut milk from unripe fruits is sold both fresh and tinned.
椰子 Cocos nucifera

椰子 Cocos nucifera

椰子 Cocos nucifera

椰子 Cocos nucifera(责任编辑:徐晔春)

顶一下[2]

踩一下[0]