橡皮树Ficus elastica
中文名（Chinese Name）：橡皮树
学名（Scientific Name）：Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem.
英文名（English Common Name）：Indian rubberplant
别名（Chinese Common Name）：印度榕、印度胶树
异名（Synonym）：Ficus skytinodermis Summerh. Ficus taeda Kunth et Bouch. Urostigma elasticum (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Miq. Urostigma circumscissum Miq. Urostigma odoratum Miq. Urostigma karet Miq. Ficus elastica var. belgica L.H.Bailey & E.Z.Bailey Ficus elastica var. benghalensis Blume Ficus elastica var. decora Guillaumin Ficus elastica var. karet (Miq.) Miq. Ficus elastica var. minor Miq. Ficus elastica var. odorata (Miq.) Miq. Ficus elastica var. rubra L.H.Bailey & E.Z.Bailey Ficus elastica var. variegata Roxb. ex Hornem. Macrophthalma elastica (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Gasp. Visiania elastica (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Gasp.
科属（Family & Genus）：桑科（Moraceae）榕属
形态特征（Description）：乔木，高达20-30米，胸径25-40厘米；树皮灰白色，平滑；幼小时附生，小枝 粗壮。叶厚革质，长圆形至椭圆形，长8-30厘米，宽7-10厘米，先端急尖，基部宽 楔形，全缘，表面深绿色，光亮，背面浅绿色，侧脉多，不明显，平行展出；叶柄粗壮， 长2-5厘米；托叶膜质，深红色，长达10厘米，脱落后有明显环状疤痕。榕果成对生 于已落叶枝的叶腋，卵状长椭圆形，长10毫米，直径5-8毫米，黄绿色，基生苞片风 帽状，脱落后基部有一环状痕迹；雄花、瘿花、雌花同生于榕果内壁；雄花具柄，散生 于内壁，花被片4，卵形，雄蕊1枚，花药卵圆形，不具花丝；瘿花花被片4，子房光滑， 卵圆形，花柱近顶生，弯曲；雌花无柄。瘦果卵圆形，表面有小瘤体，花柱长，宿存，柱 头膨大，近头状。花期冬季。
分布（Distribution）：原产不丹、尼泊尔、印度、缅甸、马来西亚、印度尼西亚。我国云南有野生。
用途（Use）：本种胶乳属于硬橡胶类。在我国云南腾冲一带至缅甸北部各热带河谷中，曾设场采 用，自马来西亚引种巴西三叶橡胶树后废弃。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 5 Page 42
Ficus elastica Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed. 1832. 3: 541. 1832.
印度榕 yin du rong| Moraceae | Ficus
Ficus cordata Kunth & Boucharlet; F. skytinodermis Summerhayes; F. taeda Kunth & Boucharlet; Urostigma circumscissum Miquel; U. elasticum (Roxburgh) Miquel; U. karet Miquel; U. odoratum Miquel.
Trees, 20-30 m tall, d.b.h. 25-40 cm, epiphytic when young. Bark pale gray, smooth. Branchlets strong. Stipules dark red, ca. 10 cm, membranous; scar conspicuous. Petiole robust, 2-5 cm; leaf blade oblong to elliptic, 8-30 × 7-10 cm, thickly leathery, abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green and shiny, base broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex acute; secondary veins many, closely parallel, inconspicuous. Figs axillary on leafless branchlets, paired, yellowish green, ovoid-ellipsoid, ca. 10 × 5-8 mm, subsessile; involucral bracts hoodlike, caducous, scar conspicuous. Male, gall, and female flowers within same fig. Male flowers: scattered among other flowers, pedicellate; calyx lobes 4, ovate; stamen 1; filament absent; anther ovoid-ellipsoid. Gall flowers: sepals 4; ovary ovoid, smooth; style subapical, curved. Female flowers: sessile; style persistent, long; stigma enlarged, ± capitate. Achenes ovoid, tuberculate. Fl. winter.
800-1500 m. W Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim].
This species is cultivated as a house plant around the world. In China it was also formerly a source of rubber.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem.
英文名（English Common Name）：Indian rubberplant
别名（Chinese Common Name）：印度榕、印度胶树
异名（Synonym）：Ficus skytinodermis Summerh. Ficus taeda Kunth et Bouch. Urostigma elasticum (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Miq. Urostigma circumscissum Miq. Urostigma odoratum Miq. Urostigma karet Miq. Ficus elastica var. belgica L.H.Bailey & E.Z.Bailey Ficus elastica var. benghalensis Blume Ficus elastica var. decora Guillaumin Ficus elastica var. karet (Miq.) Miq. Ficus elastica var. minor Miq. Ficus elastica var. odorata (Miq.) Miq. Ficus elastica var. rubra L.H.Bailey & E.Z.Bailey Ficus elastica var. variegata Roxb. ex Hornem. Macrophthalma elastica (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Gasp. Visiania elastica (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Gasp.
科属（Family & Genus）：桑科（Moraceae）榕属
形态特征（Description）：乔木，高达20-30米，胸径25-40厘米；树皮灰白色，平滑；幼小时附生，小枝 粗壮。叶厚革质，长圆形至椭圆形，长8-30厘米，宽7-10厘米，先端急尖，基部宽 楔形，全缘，表面深绿色，光亮，背面浅绿色，侧脉多，不明显，平行展出；叶柄粗壮， 长2-5厘米；托叶膜质，深红色，长达10厘米，脱落后有明显环状疤痕。榕果成对生 于已落叶枝的叶腋，卵状长椭圆形，长10毫米，直径5-8毫米，黄绿色，基生苞片风 帽状，脱落后基部有一环状痕迹；雄花、瘿花、雌花同生于榕果内壁；雄花具柄，散生 于内壁，花被片4，卵形，雄蕊1枚，花药卵圆形，不具花丝；瘿花花被片4，子房光滑， 卵圆形，花柱近顶生，弯曲；雌花无柄。瘦果卵圆形，表面有小瘤体，花柱长，宿存，柱 头膨大，近头状。花期冬季。
分布（Distribution）：原产不丹、尼泊尔、印度、缅甸、马来西亚、印度尼西亚。我国云南有野生。
用途（Use）：本种胶乳属于硬橡胶类。在我国云南腾冲一带至缅甸北部各热带河谷中，曾设场采 用，自马来西亚引种巴西三叶橡胶树后废弃。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 5 Page 42
Ficus elastica Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed. 1832. 3: 541. 1832.
印度榕 yin du rong| Moraceae | Ficus
Ficus cordata Kunth & Boucharlet; F. skytinodermis Summerhayes; F. taeda Kunth & Boucharlet; Urostigma circumscissum Miquel; U. elasticum (Roxburgh) Miquel; U. karet Miquel; U. odoratum Miquel.
Trees, 20-30 m tall, d.b.h. 25-40 cm, epiphytic when young. Bark pale gray, smooth. Branchlets strong. Stipules dark red, ca. 10 cm, membranous; scar conspicuous. Petiole robust, 2-5 cm; leaf blade oblong to elliptic, 8-30 × 7-10 cm, thickly leathery, abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green and shiny, base broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex acute; secondary veins many, closely parallel, inconspicuous. Figs axillary on leafless branchlets, paired, yellowish green, ovoid-ellipsoid, ca. 10 × 5-8 mm, subsessile; involucral bracts hoodlike, caducous, scar conspicuous. Male, gall, and female flowers within same fig. Male flowers: scattered among other flowers, pedicellate; calyx lobes 4, ovate; stamen 1; filament absent; anther ovoid-ellipsoid. Gall flowers: sepals 4; ovary ovoid, smooth; style subapical, curved. Female flowers: sessile; style persistent, long; stigma enlarged, ± capitate. Achenes ovoid, tuberculate. Fl. winter.
800-1500 m. W Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim].
This species is cultivated as a house plant around the world. In China it was also formerly a source of rubber.
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