披针叶茴香Illicium lanceolatum
中文名(Chinese Name):披针叶茴香
学名(Scientific Name):Illicium lanceolatum A. C. Smith
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):莽草、红毒茴
异名(Synonym):
科属(Family & Genus):木兰科(Magnoliaceae)八角属
形态特征(Description):灌木或小乔木,高3-10米;枝条纤细,树皮浅灰色至灰褐色。叶互生或稀疏地簇生于小枝近顶端或排成假轮生,革质,披针形、倒披针形或倒卵状椭圆形,长5-15厘米,宽1.5-4.5厘米,先端尾尖或渐尖、基部窄楔形;中脉在叶面微凹陷,叶下面稍隆起,网脉不明显;叶柄纤细,长7-15毫米。花腋生或近顶生,单生或2-3朵,红色、深红色;花梗纤细,直径0.8-2毫米,长15-50毫米;花被片10-15,肉质,最大的花被片椭圆形或长圆状倒卵形,长8-12.5毫米,宽6-8毫米;雄蕊6-11枚,长2.8-3.9毫米,花丝长1.5-2.5毫米,花药分离,长1-1.5毫米,药隔不明显截形或稍微缺,药室突起;心皮10-14枚,长3.9-5.3毫米,子房长1.5-2毫米,花柱钻形,纤细,长2-3.3毫米,骤然变狭。果梗长可达6厘米(少有达8厘米),纤细、蓇葖10-14枚(少有9)轮状排列,直径3.4-4厘米,单个蓇葖长14-21毫米,宽5-9毫米,厚3-5毫米,顶端有-长3-7毫米,向后弯曲的钩状尖头;种子长7-8毫米,宽5毫米,厚2-3.5毫米。花期4-6月,果期8-10月。
分布(Distribution):产江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、湖北、湖南、贵州,生于海拔300-1 500米混交林、疏林、灌丛中。
用途(Use):果和叶有强烈香气,可提芳香油,为高级香料的原料。据浙江分析:叶含芳香油0.66% 。根和根皮有毒,入药祛风除湿、散瘀止痛,治跌打损伤,风湿性关节炎,取鲜根皮加酒捣烂敷患处。历代本草认为莽草主治风症,种子有毒、浸出液可杀虫,作土农药。本种果实也有毒,不可作八角茴香使用。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 7 Page 33, 37
Illicium lanceolatum A. C. Smith, Sargentia. 7: 43. 1947.
红毒茴 hong du hui| Illiciaceae | Illicium
Shrubs or trees, to 10 m tall. Perules small, inconspicuous. Leaves in clusters at distal nodes; petiole 0.7-1.5 cm; leaf blade lanceolate, oblanceolate, or obovate-elliptic, 5-15 × 1.5-4.5 cm, leathery, midvein adaxially slightly impressed, secondary veins 6-10 on each side of midvein and inconspicuous, base narrowly cuneate, apex caudate to acuminate. Flowers axillary or subterminal. Flower peduncle 1.5-5 cm. Tepals 10-15, red to dark red, elliptic to oblong-obovate (largest), 8-13 × 6-8 mm (largest), fleshy. Stamens 6-11, 2.8-3.9 mm; filaments 1.5-2.5 mm; connectives apically inconspicuously truncate to slightly emarginate; anthers 1-1.5 mm; pollen grains trisyncolpate. Carpels 10-14, 3.9-5.3 mm; ovary 1.5-2 mm; style 2-3.3 mm. Fruit peduncle 6-8 cm. Fruit with (9 or)10-14 follicles; follicles 14-21 × 5-9 × 3-5 mm. Seeds 7-8 × ca. 5 × 2-3.5 mm. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Aug-Oct.
● Mixed forests, thickets; 300-1500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, S Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.
Essential oil is extracted from the fruit and leaves, which are strongly aromatic. The roots and root bark are toxic, but they are used medicinally.
(责任编辑:徐晔春)
学名(Scientific Name):Illicium lanceolatum A. C. Smith
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):莽草、红毒茴
异名(Synonym):
科属(Family & Genus):木兰科(Magnoliaceae)八角属
形态特征(Description):灌木或小乔木,高3-10米;枝条纤细,树皮浅灰色至灰褐色。叶互生或稀疏地簇生于小枝近顶端或排成假轮生,革质,披针形、倒披针形或倒卵状椭圆形,长5-15厘米,宽1.5-4.5厘米,先端尾尖或渐尖、基部窄楔形;中脉在叶面微凹陷,叶下面稍隆起,网脉不明显;叶柄纤细,长7-15毫米。花腋生或近顶生,单生或2-3朵,红色、深红色;花梗纤细,直径0.8-2毫米,长15-50毫米;花被片10-15,肉质,最大的花被片椭圆形或长圆状倒卵形,长8-12.5毫米,宽6-8毫米;雄蕊6-11枚,长2.8-3.9毫米,花丝长1.5-2.5毫米,花药分离,长1-1.5毫米,药隔不明显截形或稍微缺,药室突起;心皮10-14枚,长3.9-5.3毫米,子房长1.5-2毫米,花柱钻形,纤细,长2-3.3毫米,骤然变狭。果梗长可达6厘米(少有达8厘米),纤细、蓇葖10-14枚(少有9)轮状排列,直径3.4-4厘米,单个蓇葖长14-21毫米,宽5-9毫米,厚3-5毫米,顶端有-长3-7毫米,向后弯曲的钩状尖头;种子长7-8毫米,宽5毫米,厚2-3.5毫米。花期4-6月,果期8-10月。
分布(Distribution):产江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、湖北、湖南、贵州,生于海拔300-1 500米混交林、疏林、灌丛中。
用途(Use):果和叶有强烈香气,可提芳香油,为高级香料的原料。据浙江分析:叶含芳香油0.66% 。根和根皮有毒,入药祛风除湿、散瘀止痛,治跌打损伤,风湿性关节炎,取鲜根皮加酒捣烂敷患处。历代本草认为莽草主治风症,种子有毒、浸出液可杀虫,作土农药。本种果实也有毒,不可作八角茴香使用。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 7 Page 33, 37
Illicium lanceolatum A. C. Smith, Sargentia. 7: 43. 1947.
红毒茴 hong du hui| Illiciaceae | Illicium
Shrubs or trees, to 10 m tall. Perules small, inconspicuous. Leaves in clusters at distal nodes; petiole 0.7-1.5 cm; leaf blade lanceolate, oblanceolate, or obovate-elliptic, 5-15 × 1.5-4.5 cm, leathery, midvein adaxially slightly impressed, secondary veins 6-10 on each side of midvein and inconspicuous, base narrowly cuneate, apex caudate to acuminate. Flowers axillary or subterminal. Flower peduncle 1.5-5 cm. Tepals 10-15, red to dark red, elliptic to oblong-obovate (largest), 8-13 × 6-8 mm (largest), fleshy. Stamens 6-11, 2.8-3.9 mm; filaments 1.5-2.5 mm; connectives apically inconspicuously truncate to slightly emarginate; anthers 1-1.5 mm; pollen grains trisyncolpate. Carpels 10-14, 3.9-5.3 mm; ovary 1.5-2 mm; style 2-3.3 mm. Fruit peduncle 6-8 cm. Fruit with (9 or)10-14 follicles; follicles 14-21 × 5-9 × 3-5 mm. Seeds 7-8 × ca. 5 × 2-3.5 mm. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Aug-Oct.
● Mixed forests, thickets; 300-1500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, S Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.
Essential oil is extracted from the fruit and leaves, which are strongly aromatic. The roots and root bark are toxic, but they are used medicinally.
(责任编辑:徐晔春)
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