酸豆Tamarindus indica
中文名（Chinese Name）：酸豆
学名（Scientific Name）：Tamarindus indica L.
英文名（English Common Name）：tamarind
别名（Chinese Common Name）：酸荚、酸角
异名（Synonym）：Tamarindus officinalis Hook. Tamarindus umbrosa Salisb. Tamarindus occidentalis Gaertn.
科属（Family & Genus）：云实科酸豆属
形态特征（Description）：乔木，高10-15(-25)米，胸径30-50(-90)厘米；树皮暗灰色，不规则纵裂。小叶小，长圆形，长1.3-2.8厘米，宽5-9毫米，先端圆钝或微凹，基部圆而偏斜，无毛。花黄色或杂以紫红色条纹，少数；总花梗和花梗被黄绿色短柔毛；小苞片2枚，长约1厘米，开花前紧包着花蕾；萼管长约7毫米，檐部裂片披针状长圆形，长约1.2厘米，花后反折；花瓣倒卵形，与萼裂片近等长，边缘波状，皱折；雄蕊长1.2-1.5厘米，近基部被柔毛，花丝分离部分长约7毫米，花药椭圆形，长2.5毫米；子房圆柱形，长约8毫米，微弯，被毛。荚果圆柱状长圆形，肿胀，棕褐色，长5-14厘米，直或弯拱，常不规则地缢缩；种子3-14颗，褐色，有光泽。花期5-8月；果期12-翌年5月。
分布（Distribution）：原产于非洲，现各热带地区均有栽培。我国南部引种栽培，在部分地区逸为野生。
用途（Use）：果肉味酸甜，可生食或熟食，或作蜜饯或制成各种调味酱及泡菜；果汁加糖水是很好的清凉饮料；种仁榨取的油可供食用。果实入药，为清凉缓下剂，有驱风和抗坏血病之功效。此外，叶、花、果实均含有一种酸性物质，与其他含有染料的花混合，可作染料。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 10 Page 26
Tamarindus indica Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 34. 1753.
酸豆 suan dou| Fabaceae | Tamarindus
Trees, 10-15(-25) m tall. Trunk 30-50(-90) cm d.b.h. Bark dark ashy, irregularly longitudinally splitting. Leaflets oblong, small, 1.3-2.8 cm × 5-9 mm, glabrous, base obliquely rounded, apex rounded or emarginate. Flowers few, yellowish tinged with purplish red stripes; peduncles and pedicels yellowish green puberulent; bracteoles 2, ca. 1 cm, enclosing flower bud before anthesis. Calyx tube ca. 7 mm; lobes lanceolate-oblong, ca. 1.2 cm, reflexed after anthesis. Petals obovate, subequal to calyx lobes, margin repand, curled. Stamens 1.2-1.5 cm, pubescent near base, free parts of filaments ca. 7 mm; anthers elliptic, ca. 2.5 mm. Ovary slightly incurved, terete, ca. 8 mm, hairy. Legume brownish, straight or arcuate, terete-oblong, turgid, 5-14 cm, often irregularly constricted. Seeds 3-14, brownish, shiny. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Dec-May. 2n = 24, 26, 28*.
Cultivated. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, ?Hainan, Yunnan (Jinsha Jiang valley) [native to Africa; widely cultivated in the tropics].
The pulp of the fruit and the seed oil are edible. The fruit can be used medicinally for relieving fever and constipation and as an antiscorbutic. The hard, heavy wood is used for building houses and making farm tools and furniture. The trunk is robust, with wind-resistant strength, and is suitable for planting on seashores.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Tamarindus indica L.
英文名（English Common Name）：tamarind
别名（Chinese Common Name）：酸荚、酸角
异名（Synonym）：Tamarindus officinalis Hook. Tamarindus umbrosa Salisb. Tamarindus occidentalis Gaertn.
科属（Family & Genus）：云实科酸豆属
形态特征（Description）：乔木，高10-15(-25)米，胸径30-50(-90)厘米；树皮暗灰色，不规则纵裂。小叶小，长圆形，长1.3-2.8厘米，宽5-9毫米，先端圆钝或微凹，基部圆而偏斜，无毛。花黄色或杂以紫红色条纹，少数；总花梗和花梗被黄绿色短柔毛；小苞片2枚，长约1厘米，开花前紧包着花蕾；萼管长约7毫米，檐部裂片披针状长圆形，长约1.2厘米，花后反折；花瓣倒卵形，与萼裂片近等长，边缘波状，皱折；雄蕊长1.2-1.5厘米，近基部被柔毛，花丝分离部分长约7毫米，花药椭圆形，长2.5毫米；子房圆柱形，长约8毫米，微弯，被毛。荚果圆柱状长圆形，肿胀，棕褐色，长5-14厘米，直或弯拱，常不规则地缢缩；种子3-14颗，褐色，有光泽。花期5-8月；果期12-翌年5月。
分布（Distribution）：原产于非洲，现各热带地区均有栽培。我国南部引种栽培，在部分地区逸为野生。
用途（Use）：果肉味酸甜，可生食或熟食，或作蜜饯或制成各种调味酱及泡菜；果汁加糖水是很好的清凉饮料；种仁榨取的油可供食用。果实入药，为清凉缓下剂，有驱风和抗坏血病之功效。此外，叶、花、果实均含有一种酸性物质，与其他含有染料的花混合，可作染料。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 10 Page 26
Tamarindus indica Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 34. 1753.
酸豆 suan dou| Fabaceae | Tamarindus
Trees, 10-15(-25) m tall. Trunk 30-50(-90) cm d.b.h. Bark dark ashy, irregularly longitudinally splitting. Leaflets oblong, small, 1.3-2.8 cm × 5-9 mm, glabrous, base obliquely rounded, apex rounded or emarginate. Flowers few, yellowish tinged with purplish red stripes; peduncles and pedicels yellowish green puberulent; bracteoles 2, ca. 1 cm, enclosing flower bud before anthesis. Calyx tube ca. 7 mm; lobes lanceolate-oblong, ca. 1.2 cm, reflexed after anthesis. Petals obovate, subequal to calyx lobes, margin repand, curled. Stamens 1.2-1.5 cm, pubescent near base, free parts of filaments ca. 7 mm; anthers elliptic, ca. 2.5 mm. Ovary slightly incurved, terete, ca. 8 mm, hairy. Legume brownish, straight or arcuate, terete-oblong, turgid, 5-14 cm, often irregularly constricted. Seeds 3-14, brownish, shiny. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Dec-May. 2n = 24, 26, 28*.
Cultivated. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, ?Hainan, Yunnan (Jinsha Jiang valley) [native to Africa; widely cultivated in the tropics].
The pulp of the fruit and the seed oil are edible. The fruit can be used medicinally for relieving fever and constipation and as an antiscorbutic. The hard, heavy wood is used for building houses and making farm tools and furniture. The trunk is robust, with wind-resistant strength, and is suitable for planting on seashores.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）踩一下[2]
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