刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia
中文名（Chinese Name）：刺槐
学名（Scientific Name）：Robinia pseudoacacia L.
英文名（English Common Name）：black locust
别名（Chinese Common Name）：洋槐
异名（Synonym）：Robinia pringlei Rose Robinia pseudoacacia f. oswaldiae Oswald Robinia pseudacacia L. Robinia pseudoacacia var. rectissima Raber
科属（Family & Genus）：蝶形花科,Fabaceae刺槐属
形态特征（Description）：落叶乔木，高10-25米；树皮灰褐色至黑褐色，浅裂至深纵裂，稀光滑。小枝灰褐色，幼时有棱脊，微被毛，后无毛；具托叶刺，长达2厘米；冬芽小，被毛。羽状复叶长10-25（-40）厘米；叶轴上面具沟槽；小叶2-12对，常对生，椭圆形、长椭圆形或卵形，长2-5厘米，宽1.5-2.2厘米，先端圆，微凹，具小尖头，基部圆至阔楔形，全缘，上面绿色，下面灰绿色，幼时被短柔毛，后变无毛；小叶柄长1-3毫米；小托叶针芒状，总状花序花序腋生，长10-20厘米，下垂，花多数，芳香；苞片早落；花梗长7-8毫米；花萼斜钟状，长7-9毫米，萼齿5，三角形至卵状三角形，密被柔毛；花冠白色，各瓣均具瓣柄，旗瓣近圆形，长16毫米，宽约19毫米，先端凹缺，基部圆，反折，内有黄斑，翼瓣斜倒卵形，与旗瓣几等长，长约16毫米，基部一侧具圆耳，龙骨瓣镰状，三角形，与翼瓣等长或稍短，前缘合生，先端钝尖；雄蕊二体，对旗瓣的1枚分离；子房线形，长约1.2厘米，无毛，柄长2-3毫米，花柱钻形，长约8毫米，上弯，顶端具毛，柱头顶生。荚果褐色，或具红褐色斑纹，线状长圆形，长5-12厘米，宽1-1.3 (-1.7)厘米，扁平，先端上弯，具尖头，果颈短，沿腹缝线具狭翅；花萼宿存，有种子2-15粒；种子褐色至黑褐色，微具光泽，有时具斑纹，近肾形，长5-6毫米，宽约3毫米，种脐圆形，偏于一端。花期4-6月，果期8-9月。
分布（Distribution）：原产美国东部，现全国各地广泛栽植。
用途（Use）：材质硬重，抗腐耐磨，宜作枕木、车辆、建筑、矿柱等多种用材；生长快，萌芽力强，是速生薪炭林树种；又是优良的蜜源植物。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 10 Page 320
Robinia pseudoacacia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 722. 1753.
刺槐 ci huai | Fabaceae | Robinia
Robinia pseudoacacia var. inermis Candolle; R. pseudoacacia var. pyramidalis (Pepin) C. K. Schneider; R. pseudoacacia var. umbraculifera Candolle; R. pyramidalis Pepin.
Trees, 10-25 m tall, deciduous. Bark gray-brown to dark brown, longitudinally fissured, rarely smooth. Branchlets gray-brown, sparsely hairy, glabrescent; stipulate spines up to 2 cm; winter buds small, with hairs. Leaves 10-25(-40) cm; rachis adaxially grooved; petiolule 1-3 mm; stipel acicular; leaflets 2-12 pairs, usually opposite or subopposite; leaflet blades oblong, elliptic, or ovate, 2-5 × 1.5-2.2 cm, abaxially grayish green and with appressed pubescence when young but glabrescent, adaxially green, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex rounded, retuse, and apiculate. Racemes axillary, 10-20 cm, pendulous, many flowered, fragrant; bracts caducous. Pedicel 7-8 mm. Calyx obliquely campanulate, 7-9 mm; teeth 5, triangular to ovate-triangular, densely appressed pubescent. Corolla white, stipitate; standard suborbicular, ca. 1.6 × 1.9 cm, reflexed, inside with yellow spots, base rounded, apex with a sinus; wings obliquely obovate, subequal to standard, ca. 16 mm, one lateral auriculate rounded; keel falcate, triangular, equal to wings or slightly short, connate at leading edge, obtuse. Stamens diadelphous, one opposite to standard free. Ovary linear, ca. 1.2 cm, glabrous; stalk 2-3 mm; style subulate, ca. 8 mm, apically curved, apex piliferous; stigma terminal. Legume brown or with reddish brown stripes, linear-oblong, 5-12 × 1-1.3(-1.7) cm, compressed, apex volute and mucronate, carpopodium short, narrow wings along ventral suture; calyx persistent, 2-15-seeded. Seeds brown to dark brown, slightly glossy, sometimes with stripes, subreniform, 5-6 × ca. 3 mm; hilum rounded, oblique to one end. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Aug-Sep. 2n = 20, 22.
Cultivated in all of China except Hainan and Xizang [native to E North America; cultivated and sometimes naturalized in many parts of the world].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Robinia pseudoacacia L.
英文名（English Common Name）：black locust
别名（Chinese Common Name）：洋槐
异名（Synonym）：Robinia pringlei Rose Robinia pseudoacacia f. oswaldiae Oswald Robinia pseudacacia L. Robinia pseudoacacia var. rectissima Raber
科属（Family & Genus）：蝶形花科,Fabaceae刺槐属
形态特征（Description）：落叶乔木，高10-25米；树皮灰褐色至黑褐色，浅裂至深纵裂，稀光滑。小枝灰褐色，幼时有棱脊，微被毛，后无毛；具托叶刺，长达2厘米；冬芽小，被毛。羽状复叶长10-25（-40）厘米；叶轴上面具沟槽；小叶2-12对，常对生，椭圆形、长椭圆形或卵形，长2-5厘米，宽1.5-2.2厘米，先端圆，微凹，具小尖头，基部圆至阔楔形，全缘，上面绿色，下面灰绿色，幼时被短柔毛，后变无毛；小叶柄长1-3毫米；小托叶针芒状，总状花序花序腋生，长10-20厘米，下垂，花多数，芳香；苞片早落；花梗长7-8毫米；花萼斜钟状，长7-9毫米，萼齿5，三角形至卵状三角形，密被柔毛；花冠白色，各瓣均具瓣柄，旗瓣近圆形，长16毫米，宽约19毫米，先端凹缺，基部圆，反折，内有黄斑，翼瓣斜倒卵形，与旗瓣几等长，长约16毫米，基部一侧具圆耳，龙骨瓣镰状，三角形，与翼瓣等长或稍短，前缘合生，先端钝尖；雄蕊二体，对旗瓣的1枚分离；子房线形，长约1.2厘米，无毛，柄长2-3毫米，花柱钻形，长约8毫米，上弯，顶端具毛，柱头顶生。荚果褐色，或具红褐色斑纹，线状长圆形，长5-12厘米，宽1-1.3 (-1.7)厘米，扁平，先端上弯，具尖头，果颈短，沿腹缝线具狭翅；花萼宿存，有种子2-15粒；种子褐色至黑褐色，微具光泽，有时具斑纹，近肾形，长5-6毫米，宽约3毫米，种脐圆形，偏于一端。花期4-6月，果期8-9月。
分布（Distribution）：原产美国东部，现全国各地广泛栽植。
用途（Use）：材质硬重，抗腐耐磨，宜作枕木、车辆、建筑、矿柱等多种用材；生长快，萌芽力强，是速生薪炭林树种；又是优良的蜜源植物。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 10 Page 320
Robinia pseudoacacia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 722. 1753.
刺槐 ci huai | Fabaceae | Robinia
Robinia pseudoacacia var. inermis Candolle; R. pseudoacacia var. pyramidalis (Pepin) C. K. Schneider; R. pseudoacacia var. umbraculifera Candolle; R. pyramidalis Pepin.
Trees, 10-25 m tall, deciduous. Bark gray-brown to dark brown, longitudinally fissured, rarely smooth. Branchlets gray-brown, sparsely hairy, glabrescent; stipulate spines up to 2 cm; winter buds small, with hairs. Leaves 10-25(-40) cm; rachis adaxially grooved; petiolule 1-3 mm; stipel acicular; leaflets 2-12 pairs, usually opposite or subopposite; leaflet blades oblong, elliptic, or ovate, 2-5 × 1.5-2.2 cm, abaxially grayish green and with appressed pubescence when young but glabrescent, adaxially green, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex rounded, retuse, and apiculate. Racemes axillary, 10-20 cm, pendulous, many flowered, fragrant; bracts caducous. Pedicel 7-8 mm. Calyx obliquely campanulate, 7-9 mm; teeth 5, triangular to ovate-triangular, densely appressed pubescent. Corolla white, stipitate; standard suborbicular, ca. 1.6 × 1.9 cm, reflexed, inside with yellow spots, base rounded, apex with a sinus; wings obliquely obovate, subequal to standard, ca. 16 mm, one lateral auriculate rounded; keel falcate, triangular, equal to wings or slightly short, connate at leading edge, obtuse. Stamens diadelphous, one opposite to standard free. Ovary linear, ca. 1.2 cm, glabrous; stalk 2-3 mm; style subulate, ca. 8 mm, apically curved, apex piliferous; stigma terminal. Legume brown or with reddish brown stripes, linear-oblong, 5-12 × 1-1.3(-1.7) cm, compressed, apex volute and mucronate, carpopodium short, narrow wings along ventral suture; calyx persistent, 2-15-seeded. Seeds brown to dark brown, slightly glossy, sometimes with stripes, subreniform, 5-6 × ca. 3 mm; hilum rounded, oblique to one end. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Aug-Sep. 2n = 20, 22.
Cultivated in all of China except Hainan and Xizang [native to E North America; cultivated and sometimes naturalized in many parts of the world].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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