香叶树Lindera communis
中文名（Chinese Name）：香叶树
学名（Scientific Name）：Lindera communis Hemsl.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：香叶子、大香叶
异名（Synonym）：Benzoin commune (Hemsl.) Rehder Beilschmiedia parvifolia Lecomte Lindera bodinieri H. Lév. Lindera sterrophylla C. K. Allen Lindera glauca var. nitidula Lecomte Lindera esquirolii H. Lév. Lindera communis var. esquirolii (H. Lév.) S. Y. Hu Litsea cavaleriei H. Lév. Lindera yunnanensis H. Lév. Lindera paxiana H. Winkl. Benzoin formosanum (Hayata) Kamikoti Lindera formosana Hayata
科属（Family & Genus）：樟科（Lauraceae）山胡椒属
形态特征（Description）：常绿灌木或小乔木，高(1-5)3-4米，胸径25厘米；树皮淡褐色。当年生枝条纤细，平滑，具纵条纹，绿色，干时棕褐色，或疏或密被黄白色短柔毛，基部有密集芽鳞痕，一年生枝条粗壮，无毛，皮层不规则纵裂。顶芽卵形，长约5毫米。叶互生，通常披针形、卵形或椭圆形，长(3)4-9(12.5)，宽(1)1.5-3(4.5）厘米，先端渐尖、急尖、骤尖或有时近尾尖，基部宽楔形或近圆形；薄革质至厚革质；上面绿色，无毛，下面灰绿或浅黄色，被黄褐色柔毛，后渐脱落成疏柔毛或无毛，边缘内卷；羽状脉，侧脉每边5-7条，弧曲，与中脉上面凹陷，下面突起，被黄褐色微柔毛或近无毛；叶柄长5-8毫米，被黄褐色微柔毛或近无毛。伞形花序具5-8朵花，单生或二个同生于叶腋，总梗极短；总苞片4，早落。雄花黄色，直径达4毫米，花梗长2-2.5毫米，略被金黄色微柔毛；花被片6，卵形，近等大，长约3毫米，宽1.5毫米，先端圆形，外面略被金黄色微柔毛或近无毛；雄蕊9，长2.5-3毫米，花丝略被微柔毛或无毛，与花药等长，第三轮基部有2具角突宽肾形腺体；退化雌蕊的子房卵形，长约1毫米，无毛，花柱、柱头不分，成一短凸尖。雌花黄色或黄白色，花梗长2-2.5毫米；花被片6，卵形，长2毫米，外面被微柔毛；退化雄蕊9，条形，长1.5毫米，第三轮有2个腺体；子房椭圆形，长1.5毫米，无毛，花柱长2毫米，柱头盾形，具乳突。果卵形，长约1厘米，宽7-8毫米，也有时略小而近球形，无毛，成熟时红色；果梗长4-7毫米，被黄褐色微柔毛。花期3-4月，果期9-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产陕西、甘肃、湖南、湖北、江西、浙江、福建、台湾、广东、广西、云南、贵州、四川等省区。散生或混生于常绿阔叶林中。中南半岛也有。
用途（Use）：种仁含油供制皂、润滑油、油墨及医用栓剂原料；也可供食用，作可可豆脂代用品；油粕可作肥料。果皮可提芳香油供香料。枝叶入药，民间用于治疗跌打损伤及牛马癣疥等。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 144, 151
Lindera communis Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 387. 1891.
香叶树 xiang ye shu | Lauraceae | Lindera
Beilschmiedia parvifolia Lecomte; Benzoin commune (Hemsley) Rehder; B. formosanum (Hayata) Kamikoti; Lindera bodinieri H. Léveillé; L. communis var. esquirolii (H. Léveillé) S. Y. Hu; L. formosana Hayata; L. glauca Blume var. nitidula Lecomte; L. paxiana H. Winkler; L. sterrophylla C. K. Allen; L. yunnanensis H. Léveillé; Litsea cavaleriei H. Léveillé; L. esquirolii H. Léveillé (1911), not (H. Léveillé) C. K. Allen (1936).
Evergreen shrubs or trees, (1-)3-4(-5) m tall, ca. 25 cm d.b.h. Bark brownish. One-year-old branchlets stout, glabrous, with irregular longitudinal splits; current year branchlets slender, green and brown when dry, striate, laxly or densely yellow-white pubescent, with many bud scale scars at base. Terminal bud ovate, ca. 5 mm. Leaves alternate; petiole 5-8 mm, yellow-brown pubescent or nearly glabrous; leaf blade gray-green or yellowish abaxially, green adaxially, lanceolate, ovate, or elliptic, (3-)4-9(-12.5) × (1-)1.5-3(-4.5) cm, thinly leathery or thickly leathery, yellow-brown pubescent, later laxly pubescent or glabrous abaxially, glabrous adaxially, pinninerved, lateral veins 5-7 pairs, curved, midrib convex abaxially, concave adaxially, base broadly cuneate or subrounded, margin involute, apex acuminate, acute, or sometimes nearly caudate-acuminate. Umbels solitary or 2, inserted in leaf axil; peduncles very short; involucral bracts 4, early deciduous. Male flowers yellow, ca. 4 mm in diam.; pedicels 2-2.5 mm, slightly golden pubescent; tepals 6, ovate, nearly equal in size, ca. 3 × 1.5 mm, laxly golden pubescent or nearly glabrous outside, apex rounded; stamens 9, 2.5-3 mm; filament slightly pubescent or glabrous, equal to length of anthers, 2-glandular at base in 3rd whorl; glands broadly reniform, cornute; pistil reduced; ovary ovate, ca. 1 mm, glabrous; style and stigma hebetate. Female flowers yellow or yellow-white; tepals 6, ovate, ca. 2 mm, pubescent outside; reduced stamens 9, fasciated, ca. 1.5 mm, 2-glandular at filament base in 3rd whorl; ovary elliptic, ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous; style ca. 2 mm; stigma peltate, papillate. Fruit ovate, ca. 1 cm × 7-8 mm, sometimes rather small and subglobose, glabrous, red at maturity; stipes 4-7 mm, yellow-brown pubescent. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Sep-Oct.
Dry sandy places, evergreen broad-leaved forests. Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
The morphological characters of an isotype of Lindera sterrophylla match those of L. communis, so the former name is here treated as a synonym of the latter.
The pericarp contains aromatic oil. The seed oil is used in food and for making soap and machine oil. The branchlets and leaves are used medicinally.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Lindera communis Hemsl.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：香叶子、大香叶
异名（Synonym）：Benzoin commune (Hemsl.) Rehder Beilschmiedia parvifolia Lecomte Lindera bodinieri H. Lév. Lindera sterrophylla C. K. Allen Lindera glauca var. nitidula Lecomte Lindera esquirolii H. Lév. Lindera communis var. esquirolii (H. Lév.) S. Y. Hu Litsea cavaleriei H. Lév. Lindera yunnanensis H. Lév. Lindera paxiana H. Winkl. Benzoin formosanum (Hayata) Kamikoti Lindera formosana Hayata
科属（Family & Genus）：樟科（Lauraceae）山胡椒属
形态特征（Description）：常绿灌木或小乔木，高(1-5)3-4米，胸径25厘米；树皮淡褐色。当年生枝条纤细，平滑，具纵条纹，绿色，干时棕褐色，或疏或密被黄白色短柔毛，基部有密集芽鳞痕，一年生枝条粗壮，无毛，皮层不规则纵裂。顶芽卵形，长约5毫米。叶互生，通常披针形、卵形或椭圆形，长(3)4-9(12.5)，宽(1)1.5-3(4.5）厘米，先端渐尖、急尖、骤尖或有时近尾尖，基部宽楔形或近圆形；薄革质至厚革质；上面绿色，无毛，下面灰绿或浅黄色，被黄褐色柔毛，后渐脱落成疏柔毛或无毛，边缘内卷；羽状脉，侧脉每边5-7条，弧曲，与中脉上面凹陷，下面突起，被黄褐色微柔毛或近无毛；叶柄长5-8毫米，被黄褐色微柔毛或近无毛。伞形花序具5-8朵花，单生或二个同生于叶腋，总梗极短；总苞片4，早落。雄花黄色，直径达4毫米，花梗长2-2.5毫米，略被金黄色微柔毛；花被片6，卵形，近等大，长约3毫米，宽1.5毫米，先端圆形，外面略被金黄色微柔毛或近无毛；雄蕊9，长2.5-3毫米，花丝略被微柔毛或无毛，与花药等长，第三轮基部有2具角突宽肾形腺体；退化雌蕊的子房卵形，长约1毫米，无毛，花柱、柱头不分，成一短凸尖。雌花黄色或黄白色，花梗长2-2.5毫米；花被片6，卵形，长2毫米，外面被微柔毛；退化雄蕊9，条形，长1.5毫米，第三轮有2个腺体；子房椭圆形，长1.5毫米，无毛，花柱长2毫米，柱头盾形，具乳突。果卵形，长约1厘米，宽7-8毫米，也有时略小而近球形，无毛，成熟时红色；果梗长4-7毫米，被黄褐色微柔毛。花期3-4月，果期9-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产陕西、甘肃、湖南、湖北、江西、浙江、福建、台湾、广东、广西、云南、贵州、四川等省区。散生或混生于常绿阔叶林中。中南半岛也有。
用途（Use）：种仁含油供制皂、润滑油、油墨及医用栓剂原料；也可供食用，作可可豆脂代用品；油粕可作肥料。果皮可提芳香油供香料。枝叶入药，民间用于治疗跌打损伤及牛马癣疥等。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 144, 151
Lindera communis Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 387. 1891.
香叶树 xiang ye shu | Lauraceae | Lindera
Beilschmiedia parvifolia Lecomte; Benzoin commune (Hemsley) Rehder; B. formosanum (Hayata) Kamikoti; Lindera bodinieri H. Léveillé; L. communis var. esquirolii (H. Léveillé) S. Y. Hu; L. formosana Hayata; L. glauca Blume var. nitidula Lecomte; L. paxiana H. Winkler; L. sterrophylla C. K. Allen; L. yunnanensis H. Léveillé; Litsea cavaleriei H. Léveillé; L. esquirolii H. Léveillé (1911), not (H. Léveillé) C. K. Allen (1936).
Evergreen shrubs or trees, (1-)3-4(-5) m tall, ca. 25 cm d.b.h. Bark brownish. One-year-old branchlets stout, glabrous, with irregular longitudinal splits; current year branchlets slender, green and brown when dry, striate, laxly or densely yellow-white pubescent, with many bud scale scars at base. Terminal bud ovate, ca. 5 mm. Leaves alternate; petiole 5-8 mm, yellow-brown pubescent or nearly glabrous; leaf blade gray-green or yellowish abaxially, green adaxially, lanceolate, ovate, or elliptic, (3-)4-9(-12.5) × (1-)1.5-3(-4.5) cm, thinly leathery or thickly leathery, yellow-brown pubescent, later laxly pubescent or glabrous abaxially, glabrous adaxially, pinninerved, lateral veins 5-7 pairs, curved, midrib convex abaxially, concave adaxially, base broadly cuneate or subrounded, margin involute, apex acuminate, acute, or sometimes nearly caudate-acuminate. Umbels solitary or 2, inserted in leaf axil; peduncles very short; involucral bracts 4, early deciduous. Male flowers yellow, ca. 4 mm in diam.; pedicels 2-2.5 mm, slightly golden pubescent; tepals 6, ovate, nearly equal in size, ca. 3 × 1.5 mm, laxly golden pubescent or nearly glabrous outside, apex rounded; stamens 9, 2.5-3 mm; filament slightly pubescent or glabrous, equal to length of anthers, 2-glandular at base in 3rd whorl; glands broadly reniform, cornute; pistil reduced; ovary ovate, ca. 1 mm, glabrous; style and stigma hebetate. Female flowers yellow or yellow-white; tepals 6, ovate, ca. 2 mm, pubescent outside; reduced stamens 9, fasciated, ca. 1.5 mm, 2-glandular at filament base in 3rd whorl; ovary elliptic, ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous; style ca. 2 mm; stigma peltate, papillate. Fruit ovate, ca. 1 cm × 7-8 mm, sometimes rather small and subglobose, glabrous, red at maturity; stipes 4-7 mm, yellow-brown pubescent. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Sep-Oct.
Dry sandy places, evergreen broad-leaved forests. Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
The morphological characters of an isotype of Lindera sterrophylla match those of L. communis, so the former name is here treated as a synonym of the latter.
The pericarp contains aromatic oil. The seed oil is used in food and for making soap and machine oil. The branchlets and leaves are used medicinally.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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