月桂Laurus nobilis
中文名（Chinese Name）：月桂
学名（Scientific Name）：Laurus nobilis L.
英文名（English Common Name）：sweet bay
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：
科属（Family & Genus）：樟科（Lauraceae）月桂属
形态特征（Description）：常绿小乔木或灌木状，高可达12米，树皮黑褐色。小枝圆柱形，具纵向细条纹，幼嫩部分略被微柔毛或近无毛。叶互生，长圆形或长圆状披针形，长5.5-12厘米，宽1.8-3.2厘米，先端锐尖或渐尖，基部楔形，边缘细波状，革质，上面暗绿色，下面稍淡，两面无毛，羽状脉，中脉及侧脉两面凸起，侧脉每边10-12条，末端近叶缘处弧形连结，细脉网结，两面多少明显，呈蜂窠状；叶柄长0.7-1厘米，鲜时紫红色，略被微柔毛或近无毛，腹面具槽。花为雌雄异株。伞形花序腋生，1-3个成簇状或短总状排列，开花前由4枚交互对生的总苞片所包裹，呈球形；总苞片近圆形，外面无毛，内面被绢毛，总梗长达7毫米，略被微柔毛或近无毛。雄花：每一伞形花序有花5朵；花小，黄绿色，花梗长约2毫米，被疏柔毛，花被筒短，外面密被疏柔毛，花被裂片4，宽倒卵圆形或近圆形，两面被贴生柔毛；能育雄蕊通常12，排成三轮，第一轮花丝无腺体，一第二、三轮花丝中部有一对无柄的肾形腺体，花药椭圆形，2室，室内向；子房不育。雌花：通常有退化雄蕊4，与花被片互生，花丝顶端有成对无柄的腺体，其间延伸有一披针形舌状体；子房1室，花柱短，柱头稍增大，钝三棱形。果卵珠形，熟时暗紫色。花期3-5月，果期6-9月。
分布（Distribution）：原产地中海一带，我国浙江、江苏、福建、台湾、四川及云南等省有引种栽培。
用途（Use）：叶和果含芳香油，用于食品及皂用香精; 叶片可作调味香料或作罐头矫味剂；种子含植物油约30％，油供工业用。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 102, 105
Laurus nobilis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 369. 1753.
月桂 yue gui | Lauraceae | Laurus
Evergreen shrublike or small trees, up to 12 m tall, dioecious. Bark blackish brown. Branchlets terete, striate, puberulent on young part or wholly subglabrous. Leaves alternate; petiole purple-red when fresh, 0.7-1 cm, sparsely puberulent or subglabrous, sulcate adaxially; leaf blade greenish abaxially, dark green adaxially, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 5.5-12 × 1.8-3.2 cm, leathery, glabrous on both surfaces, lateral veins 10-12 pairs, curved and interconnected at ends near leaf margin, midrib elevated on both surfaces, reticulate veinlets ± conspicuous on both surfaces, foveolate, base cuneate, margin slightly undulate, apex acute or acuminate. Umbels 1-3 in cluster on short raceme, globose; involucral bracts suborbicular, glabrous outside, sericeous inside; peduncle up to 7 mm, sparsely puberulent or subglabrous. Male flowers 5 in each umbel, green, small; pedicels ca. 2 mm, pilose; perianth tube short, densely pilose outside; perianth lobes 4, broadly obovate or suborbicular, appressed villous on both surfaces; fertile stamens usually 12, in 3 whorls; filaments of 1st whorl eglandular but those of 2nd and 3rd whorls each with 2 reniform glands at middle part; anthers ellipsoid, 2-celled, cells introrse; ovary infertile. Female flowers: staminodes 4; ovary 1-celled; style short; stigma slightly dilated, obtusely trigonous. Fruit dark purple when mature, ovoid. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Jun-Sep.
Cultivated. Fujian, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [native to Mediterranean region].
The leaves and fruits contain essential oil, 0.3%-0.5% (or even up to 3%) and ca. 1%, respectively. The leaves also are used as a spice. The seeds contain oil and fat, which are used in soap manufacture.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Laurus nobilis L.
英文名（English Common Name）：sweet bay
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：
科属（Family & Genus）：樟科（Lauraceae）月桂属
形态特征（Description）：常绿小乔木或灌木状，高可达12米，树皮黑褐色。小枝圆柱形，具纵向细条纹，幼嫩部分略被微柔毛或近无毛。叶互生，长圆形或长圆状披针形，长5.5-12厘米，宽1.8-3.2厘米，先端锐尖或渐尖，基部楔形，边缘细波状，革质，上面暗绿色，下面稍淡，两面无毛，羽状脉，中脉及侧脉两面凸起，侧脉每边10-12条，末端近叶缘处弧形连结，细脉网结，两面多少明显，呈蜂窠状；叶柄长0.7-1厘米，鲜时紫红色，略被微柔毛或近无毛，腹面具槽。花为雌雄异株。伞形花序腋生，1-3个成簇状或短总状排列，开花前由4枚交互对生的总苞片所包裹，呈球形；总苞片近圆形，外面无毛，内面被绢毛，总梗长达7毫米，略被微柔毛或近无毛。雄花：每一伞形花序有花5朵；花小，黄绿色，花梗长约2毫米，被疏柔毛，花被筒短，外面密被疏柔毛，花被裂片4，宽倒卵圆形或近圆形，两面被贴生柔毛；能育雄蕊通常12，排成三轮，第一轮花丝无腺体，一第二、三轮花丝中部有一对无柄的肾形腺体，花药椭圆形，2室，室内向；子房不育。雌花：通常有退化雄蕊4，与花被片互生，花丝顶端有成对无柄的腺体，其间延伸有一披针形舌状体；子房1室，花柱短，柱头稍增大，钝三棱形。果卵珠形，熟时暗紫色。花期3-5月，果期6-9月。
分布（Distribution）：原产地中海一带，我国浙江、江苏、福建、台湾、四川及云南等省有引种栽培。
用途（Use）：叶和果含芳香油，用于食品及皂用香精; 叶片可作调味香料或作罐头矫味剂；种子含植物油约30％，油供工业用。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 102, 105
Laurus nobilis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 369. 1753.
月桂 yue gui | Lauraceae | Laurus
Evergreen shrublike or small trees, up to 12 m tall, dioecious. Bark blackish brown. Branchlets terete, striate, puberulent on young part or wholly subglabrous. Leaves alternate; petiole purple-red when fresh, 0.7-1 cm, sparsely puberulent or subglabrous, sulcate adaxially; leaf blade greenish abaxially, dark green adaxially, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 5.5-12 × 1.8-3.2 cm, leathery, glabrous on both surfaces, lateral veins 10-12 pairs, curved and interconnected at ends near leaf margin, midrib elevated on both surfaces, reticulate veinlets ± conspicuous on both surfaces, foveolate, base cuneate, margin slightly undulate, apex acute or acuminate. Umbels 1-3 in cluster on short raceme, globose; involucral bracts suborbicular, glabrous outside, sericeous inside; peduncle up to 7 mm, sparsely puberulent or subglabrous. Male flowers 5 in each umbel, green, small; pedicels ca. 2 mm, pilose; perianth tube short, densely pilose outside; perianth lobes 4, broadly obovate or suborbicular, appressed villous on both surfaces; fertile stamens usually 12, in 3 whorls; filaments of 1st whorl eglandular but those of 2nd and 3rd whorls each with 2 reniform glands at middle part; anthers ellipsoid, 2-celled, cells introrse; ovary infertile. Female flowers: staminodes 4; ovary 1-celled; style short; stigma slightly dilated, obtusely trigonous. Fruit dark purple when mature, ovoid. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Jun-Sep.
Cultivated. Fujian, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [native to Mediterranean region].
The leaves and fruits contain essential oil, 0.3%-0.5% (or even up to 3%) and ca. 1%, respectively. The leaves also are used as a spice. The seeds contain oil and fat, which are used in soap manufacture.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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