少花桂Cinnamomum pauciflorum
中文名（Chinese Name）：少花桂
学名（Scientific Name）：Cinnamomum pauciflorum Chun ex H.T.Chang
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：岩桂
异名（Synonym）：Cinnamomum calcareum Y. K. Li Cinnamomum petrophilum N. Chao Laurus recurvata Roxb. Cinnamomum recurvatum (Roxb.) Wight
科属（Family & Genus）：樟科（Lauraceae）樟属
形态特征（Description）：乔木，高3-14米，胸径达30厘米；树皮黄褐色，具白色皮孔，有香气。芽卵珠形，小，长约2毫米，芽鳞坚硬，外面略被微柔毛。枝条近圆柱形，具纵向细条纹，无毛，幼枝多少呈四棱形，近无毛或略被极细微柔毛。叶互生，卵圆形或卵圆状披针形，长(3-5)6.5-10.5厘米，宽(1.2)2.5-5厘米，先端短渐尖，基部宽楔形至近圆形，边缘内卷，厚革质，上面绿色，多少光亮，无毛，下面粉绿色，晦暗，幼时被疏或密的灰白短丝毛，老时毛被渐脱落至无毛，三出脉或离基三出脉，中脉及侧脉两面凸起，侧脉对生，自叶基0-10毫米处生出，向上弧升，近叶端处消失，其上尚有少数斜向而在叶缘之内网结的支脉，横脉两面多少明显，细脉在放大镜下多少网结状；叶柄长达12毫米，腹凹背凸，近无毛。圆锥花序腋生，长2.5-5（6.5)厘米，通常短于叶很多，3-5(7)花，常呈伞房状，总梗长1.5-4厘米；向上伸长，两侧压扁，与序轴疏被灰白微柔毛。花黄白色，长4-5毫米；花梗长5-7毫米，被灰白微柔毛。花被两面被灰白短丝毛，花被筒倒锥形，长约1毫米，花被裂片6,长圆形，近等大，长3-4毫米，先端锐尖。能育雄蕊9，花丝略被柔毛，第一、二轮雄蕊长约2.5毫米，花药卵圆状长圆形，与花丝近相等，药室4，内向，花丝无腺体，第三轮雄蕊长约2.8毫米，花药长圆形，长约为花丝之半，药室4，外向，花丝扁平，上部稍上方有一对具短柄的圆状肾形腺体。退化雄蕊3，位于最内轮，长1.7毫米，先端心形，具长柄。子房卵球形，长约1毫米，花柱弯曲，长约2毫米，柱头盘状。果椭圆形，长11毫米，直径5-5.5毫米，顶端钝，成熟时紫黑色，具栓质斑点；果托浅杯状，长约3毫米，宽达4毫米，边缘具整齐的截状圆齿；果梗长达9毫米，先端略增宽。花期3-8月，果期9-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产湖南、湖北、四川、云南、贵州、广西及广东。生于海拔400-2200米石灰岩或砂岩上的山地或山谷疏林或密林中。印度有分布。
用途（Use）：树皮及根入药，树皮在四川常作官桂皮用，功能开胃健脾及散热，可治肠胃病及腹痛。枝叶尚含芳香油，在香料工业应用上价值较大。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7
Cinnamomum pauciflorum Nees in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 75. 1831.
少花桂 shao hua gui | Lauraceae | Cinnamomum
Cinnamomum calcareum Y. K. Li; C. petrophilum N. Chao; C. recurvatum (Roxburgh) Wight; Laurus recurvata Roxburgh.
Trees, 3-14 m tall, up to 30 cm d.b.h. Bark yellow-brown, white lenticellate, scented. Branchlets subterete, longitudinally striate, glabrous; young branchlets ± tetragonous, subglabrous or sparsely fine pubescent. Bud ovoid, small, ca. 2 mm; bud scales rigid, sparsely puberulent outside. Leaves alternate; petiole up to 12 mm, concave-convex, subglabrous; leaf blade glaucous green and opaque abaxially, green and ± shiny adaxially, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, (3.5-)6.5-10.5 × (1.2-)2.5-5 cm, thickly leathery, densely or sparsely gray sericeous when young but glabrate or glabrous when mature abaxially, glabrous adaxially, trinerved or triplinerved, midrib and basal lateral veins elevated on both surfaces, basal lateral veins opposite, arising at or up to 10 mm above leaf base, arcuate-ascendant, evanescent near leaf margin, with few oblique veins outside, these veins interconnected within leaf margin, transverse veins ± conspicuous, veinlets ± reticulate under lens, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, margin involute, apex shortly acuminate. Panicle axillary, always corymbose, 2.5-5(-6.5) cm, usually much shorter than leaf blade, 3-5(-7)-flowered; peduncle 1.5-4 cm, elongate, bilaterally compressed, peduncle and rachis sparsely gray puberulent. Pedicels 5-7 mm, gray puberulent. Flowers yellow-white, 4-5 mm. Perianth shortly gray sericeous outside and inside; perianth tube obconical, ca. 1 mm; perianth lobes 6, oblong, subequal, 3-4 mm, acute. Fertile stamens 9, ca. 2.5 mm (of 1st and 2nd whorls) or ca. 2.8 mm (of 3rd whorl); filaments sparsely villous, complanate, those of 3rd whorl each with 2 shortly stalked orbicular-reniform glands; anthers ovate-oblong and almost as long as filament (of 1st and 2nd whorls) or oblong and ca. 1/2 as long as filament (of 3rd whorl), all 4-celled; cells introrse (of 1st and 2nd whorls) or extrorse (of 3rd whorl). Staminodes 3, ca. 1.7 mm, long stalked, cordate at apex. Ovary ovoid, ca. 1 mm; style curved, ca. 2 mm; stigma discoid. Fruit ellipsoid, ca. 11 × 5-5.5 mm, purple-black when mature, corky-maculate, obtuse at apex; perianth cup in fruit shallowly cupuliform, ca. 3 × 4 mm, regularly truncate toothed on margin; fruit stalk up to 9 mm, slightly dilated at apex. Fl. Mar-Aug, fr. Sep-Oct.
Sparse or dense forests on hilly land of calcareous or sandy rocks, valley forests; 400-1800(-2200) m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, W Hunan, Jiangxi, E Sichuan, NE Yunnan [India, Nepal].
The bark and roots are used as medicine for abdominal pain. The leafy branchlets contain volatile oil (ca. 35%), the main chemical constituent of which is safrole (80%-95%).
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Cinnamomum pauciflorum Chun ex H.T.Chang
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：岩桂
异名（Synonym）：Cinnamomum calcareum Y. K. Li Cinnamomum petrophilum N. Chao Laurus recurvata Roxb. Cinnamomum recurvatum (Roxb.) Wight
科属（Family & Genus）：樟科（Lauraceae）樟属
形态特征（Description）：乔木，高3-14米，胸径达30厘米；树皮黄褐色，具白色皮孔，有香气。芽卵珠形，小，长约2毫米，芽鳞坚硬，外面略被微柔毛。枝条近圆柱形，具纵向细条纹，无毛，幼枝多少呈四棱形，近无毛或略被极细微柔毛。叶互生，卵圆形或卵圆状披针形，长(3-5)6.5-10.5厘米，宽(1.2)2.5-5厘米，先端短渐尖，基部宽楔形至近圆形，边缘内卷，厚革质，上面绿色，多少光亮，无毛，下面粉绿色，晦暗，幼时被疏或密的灰白短丝毛，老时毛被渐脱落至无毛，三出脉或离基三出脉，中脉及侧脉两面凸起，侧脉对生，自叶基0-10毫米处生出，向上弧升，近叶端处消失，其上尚有少数斜向而在叶缘之内网结的支脉，横脉两面多少明显，细脉在放大镜下多少网结状；叶柄长达12毫米，腹凹背凸，近无毛。圆锥花序腋生，长2.5-5（6.5)厘米，通常短于叶很多，3-5(7)花，常呈伞房状，总梗长1.5-4厘米；向上伸长，两侧压扁，与序轴疏被灰白微柔毛。花黄白色，长4-5毫米；花梗长5-7毫米，被灰白微柔毛。花被两面被灰白短丝毛，花被筒倒锥形，长约1毫米，花被裂片6,长圆形，近等大，长3-4毫米，先端锐尖。能育雄蕊9，花丝略被柔毛，第一、二轮雄蕊长约2.5毫米，花药卵圆状长圆形，与花丝近相等，药室4，内向，花丝无腺体，第三轮雄蕊长约2.8毫米，花药长圆形，长约为花丝之半，药室4，外向，花丝扁平，上部稍上方有一对具短柄的圆状肾形腺体。退化雄蕊3，位于最内轮，长1.7毫米，先端心形，具长柄。子房卵球形，长约1毫米，花柱弯曲，长约2毫米，柱头盘状。果椭圆形，长11毫米，直径5-5.5毫米，顶端钝，成熟时紫黑色，具栓质斑点；果托浅杯状，长约3毫米，宽达4毫米，边缘具整齐的截状圆齿；果梗长达9毫米，先端略增宽。花期3-8月，果期9-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产湖南、湖北、四川、云南、贵州、广西及广东。生于海拔400-2200米石灰岩或砂岩上的山地或山谷疏林或密林中。印度有分布。
用途（Use）：树皮及根入药，树皮在四川常作官桂皮用，功能开胃健脾及散热，可治肠胃病及腹痛。枝叶尚含芳香油，在香料工业应用上价值较大。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7
Cinnamomum pauciflorum Nees in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 75. 1831.
少花桂 shao hua gui | Lauraceae | Cinnamomum
Cinnamomum calcareum Y. K. Li; C. petrophilum N. Chao; C. recurvatum (Roxburgh) Wight; Laurus recurvata Roxburgh.
Trees, 3-14 m tall, up to 30 cm d.b.h. Bark yellow-brown, white lenticellate, scented. Branchlets subterete, longitudinally striate, glabrous; young branchlets ± tetragonous, subglabrous or sparsely fine pubescent. Bud ovoid, small, ca. 2 mm; bud scales rigid, sparsely puberulent outside. Leaves alternate; petiole up to 12 mm, concave-convex, subglabrous; leaf blade glaucous green and opaque abaxially, green and ± shiny adaxially, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, (3.5-)6.5-10.5 × (1.2-)2.5-5 cm, thickly leathery, densely or sparsely gray sericeous when young but glabrate or glabrous when mature abaxially, glabrous adaxially, trinerved or triplinerved, midrib and basal lateral veins elevated on both surfaces, basal lateral veins opposite, arising at or up to 10 mm above leaf base, arcuate-ascendant, evanescent near leaf margin, with few oblique veins outside, these veins interconnected within leaf margin, transverse veins ± conspicuous, veinlets ± reticulate under lens, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, margin involute, apex shortly acuminate. Panicle axillary, always corymbose, 2.5-5(-6.5) cm, usually much shorter than leaf blade, 3-5(-7)-flowered; peduncle 1.5-4 cm, elongate, bilaterally compressed, peduncle and rachis sparsely gray puberulent. Pedicels 5-7 mm, gray puberulent. Flowers yellow-white, 4-5 mm. Perianth shortly gray sericeous outside and inside; perianth tube obconical, ca. 1 mm; perianth lobes 6, oblong, subequal, 3-4 mm, acute. Fertile stamens 9, ca. 2.5 mm (of 1st and 2nd whorls) or ca. 2.8 mm (of 3rd whorl); filaments sparsely villous, complanate, those of 3rd whorl each with 2 shortly stalked orbicular-reniform glands; anthers ovate-oblong and almost as long as filament (of 1st and 2nd whorls) or oblong and ca. 1/2 as long as filament (of 3rd whorl), all 4-celled; cells introrse (of 1st and 2nd whorls) or extrorse (of 3rd whorl). Staminodes 3, ca. 1.7 mm, long stalked, cordate at apex. Ovary ovoid, ca. 1 mm; style curved, ca. 2 mm; stigma discoid. Fruit ellipsoid, ca. 11 × 5-5.5 mm, purple-black when mature, corky-maculate, obtuse at apex; perianth cup in fruit shallowly cupuliform, ca. 3 × 4 mm, regularly truncate toothed on margin; fruit stalk up to 9 mm, slightly dilated at apex. Fl. Mar-Aug, fr. Sep-Oct.
Sparse or dense forests on hilly land of calcareous or sandy rocks, valley forests; 400-1800(-2200) m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, W Hunan, Jiangxi, E Sichuan, NE Yunnan [India, Nepal].
The bark and roots are used as medicine for abdominal pain. The leafy branchlets contain volatile oil (ca. 35%), the main chemical constituent of which is safrole (80%-95%).
（责任编辑：徐晔春）踩一下[0]
顶一下[2]