天竺桂Cinnamomum japonicum
中文名（Chinese Name）：天竺桂
学名（Scientific Name）：Cinnamomum japonicum Siebold
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：大叶天竺桂、土桂
异名（Synonym）：Cinnamomum macrostemon var. pseudoloureirii (Hayata) Yamam. Cinnamomum chenii Nakai Cinnamomum chekiangense Nakai Cinnamomum acuminatifolium Hayata Cinnamomum insularimontanum Hayata Cinnamomum japonicum var. chekiangense (Nakai) M. B. Deng et G. Yao Cinnamomum pseudoloureiroi Hayata Cinnamomum japonicum var. chenii Cinnamomum tenuifolium f. vosum (Meissn.) H. Hara 1977
科属（Family & Genus）：樟科（Lauraceae）樟属
形态特征（Description）：常绿乔木，高10-15米，胸径30-35厘米。枝条细弱，圆柱形，极无毛，红色或红褐色，具香气。叶近对生或在枝条上部者互生，卵圆状长圆形至长圆状披针形，长7-10厘米，宽3-3.5厘米，先端锐尖至渐尖，基部宽楔形或钝形，革质，上面绿色，光亮，下面灰绿色，晦暗，两面无毛，离基三出脉，中脉直贯叶端，在叶片上部有少数支脉，基生侧脉自叶基1-1.5厘米处斜向生出，向叶缘一侧有少数支脉，有时自叶基处生出一对稍为明显隆起的附加支脉，中脉及侧脉两面隆起，细脉在上面密集而呈明显的网结状但在下面呈细小的网孔；叶柄粗壮，腹凹背凸，红褐色，无毛。圆锥花序腋生，长3-4.5（10）厘米，总梗长1.5-3厘米，与长5-7毫米的花梗均无毛，末端为3-5花的聚伞花序。花长约4.5毫米。花被筒倒锥形，短小，长1.5毫米，花被裂片6,卵圆形，长约3毫米，宽约2毫米，先端锐尖，外面无毛，内面被柔毛。能育雄蕊9，内藏，花药长约1毫米，卵圆状椭圆形，先端钝，4室，第一、二轮花药药室内向，第三轮花药药室外向，花丝长约2毫米，被柔毛，第一、二轮花丝无腺体，第三轮花丝近中部有一对圆状肾形腺体。退化雄蕊3，位于最内轮。子房卵珠形，长约1毫米，略被微柔毛，花柱稍长于子房，柱头盘状。果长圆形，长7毫米，宽达5毫米，无毛；果托浅杯状，顶部极开张，宽达5毫米，边缘极全缘或具浅圆齿，基部骤然收缩成细长的果梗。花期4-5月，果期7-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产江苏、浙江、安徽、江西、福建及台湾。生于海拔300-1000米或以下低山或近海的常绿阔叶林中。朝鲜、日本也有。
用途（Use）：枝叶及树皮可提取芳香油，供制各种香精及香料的原料。果核含脂肪，供制肥皂及润滑油。木材坚硬而耐久，耐水湿，可供建筑、造船、桥梁、车辆及家具等用。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 169, 178
Cinnamomum japonicum Siebold, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten. 12: 23. 1830.
天竺桂 tian zhu gui | Lauraceae | Cinnamomum
Cinnamomum acuminatifolium Hayata; C. chekiangense Nakai; C. chenii Nakai; C. insularimontanum Hayata; C. japonicum var. chekiangense (Nakai) M. B. Deng & G. Yao; C. macrostemon Hayata var. pseudoloureiroi (Hayata) Yamamoto; C. pedunculatum Nees; C. pseudoloureiroi Hayata.
Evergreen trees, 10-15 m tall, 30-35 cm d.b.h. Branchlets red or red-brown, slender, terete, very glabrous, scented. Leaves subopposite or those on upper part of branchlet alternate; petiole red-brown, robust, concave-convex, glabrous; leaf blade gray-green and opaque abaxially, green and shiny adaxially, ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 7-10 × 3-3.5 cm, leathery, glabrous on both surfaces, triplinerved, midrib extending to leaf apex, with a few additional veins on upper part of leaf blade, basal lateral veins oblique, arising 1-1.5 cm above leaf base, with a few additional veins outside, sometimes a pair of slightly conspicuous additional veins arising from leaf base, midrib and lateral veins elevated on both surfaces, transverse veins and veinlets finely foveolate abaxially and conspicuously densely reticulate adaxially, base broadly cuneate or obtuse, margin entire, apex acute to acuminate. Panicle axillary, 3-4.5(-10) cm, branched, apex of branch bearing a 3-5-flowered cyme; peduncle 1.5-3 cm, glabrous. Pedicels 5-7 mm, glabrous. Flowers ca. 4.5 mm. Perianth tube obconical, short, ca. 1.5 mm; perianth lobes 6, ovate, ca. 3 × 2 mm, acute, glabrous outside, villous inside. Fertile stamens 9, included; filaments ca. 2 mm, those of 3rd whorl each with 2 orbicular-reniform glands near middle, others glandless; anthers ovate-elliptic, obtuse, 4-celled; cells introrse (of 1st and 2nd whorls) or extrorse (of 3rd whorl). Staminodes 3. Ovary ovoid, ca. 1 mm, slightly puberulent; style a little longer than ovary; stigma discoid. Fruit oblong, ca. 7 × 5 mm, glabrous; perianth cup in fruit shallowly cupuliform, apex very open and up to 5 mm wide, entire or shallowly dentate on margin, base abruptly contracted into a slender stalk. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jul-Sep.
Evergreen broad-leaved forests on low hills, near seashores; 300-1000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
Cinnamomum macrostemon Hayata (Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 160. 1913) was described from Taiwan. Although Li (Woody Fl. Taiwan, 204. 1963) regarded it as a synonym of C. japonicum, the present authors prefer to leave it unplaced because they have seen no material.
The leafy branchlets and bark contain volatile oil, which is a source of perfume. The fruit kernel contains oil and fat, which are used in soap manufacture. The wood is hard and durable and is used for house construction and furniture.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Cinnamomum japonicum Siebold
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：大叶天竺桂、土桂
异名（Synonym）：Cinnamomum macrostemon var. pseudoloureirii (Hayata) Yamam. Cinnamomum chenii Nakai Cinnamomum chekiangense Nakai Cinnamomum acuminatifolium Hayata Cinnamomum insularimontanum Hayata Cinnamomum japonicum var. chekiangense (Nakai) M. B. Deng et G. Yao Cinnamomum pseudoloureiroi Hayata Cinnamomum japonicum var. chenii Cinnamomum tenuifolium f. vosum (Meissn.) H. Hara 1977
科属（Family & Genus）：樟科（Lauraceae）樟属
形态特征（Description）：常绿乔木，高10-15米，胸径30-35厘米。枝条细弱，圆柱形，极无毛，红色或红褐色，具香气。叶近对生或在枝条上部者互生，卵圆状长圆形至长圆状披针形，长7-10厘米，宽3-3.5厘米，先端锐尖至渐尖，基部宽楔形或钝形，革质，上面绿色，光亮，下面灰绿色，晦暗，两面无毛，离基三出脉，中脉直贯叶端，在叶片上部有少数支脉，基生侧脉自叶基1-1.5厘米处斜向生出，向叶缘一侧有少数支脉，有时自叶基处生出一对稍为明显隆起的附加支脉，中脉及侧脉两面隆起，细脉在上面密集而呈明显的网结状但在下面呈细小的网孔；叶柄粗壮，腹凹背凸，红褐色，无毛。圆锥花序腋生，长3-4.5（10）厘米，总梗长1.5-3厘米，与长5-7毫米的花梗均无毛，末端为3-5花的聚伞花序。花长约4.5毫米。花被筒倒锥形，短小，长1.5毫米，花被裂片6,卵圆形，长约3毫米，宽约2毫米，先端锐尖，外面无毛，内面被柔毛。能育雄蕊9，内藏，花药长约1毫米，卵圆状椭圆形，先端钝，4室，第一、二轮花药药室内向，第三轮花药药室外向，花丝长约2毫米，被柔毛，第一、二轮花丝无腺体，第三轮花丝近中部有一对圆状肾形腺体。退化雄蕊3，位于最内轮。子房卵珠形，长约1毫米，略被微柔毛，花柱稍长于子房，柱头盘状。果长圆形，长7毫米，宽达5毫米，无毛；果托浅杯状，顶部极开张，宽达5毫米，边缘极全缘或具浅圆齿，基部骤然收缩成细长的果梗。花期4-5月，果期7-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产江苏、浙江、安徽、江西、福建及台湾。生于海拔300-1000米或以下低山或近海的常绿阔叶林中。朝鲜、日本也有。
用途（Use）：枝叶及树皮可提取芳香油，供制各种香精及香料的原料。果核含脂肪，供制肥皂及润滑油。木材坚硬而耐久，耐水湿，可供建筑、造船、桥梁、车辆及家具等用。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 169, 178
Cinnamomum japonicum Siebold, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten. 12: 23. 1830.
天竺桂 tian zhu gui | Lauraceae | Cinnamomum
Cinnamomum acuminatifolium Hayata; C. chekiangense Nakai; C. chenii Nakai; C. insularimontanum Hayata; C. japonicum var. chekiangense (Nakai) M. B. Deng & G. Yao; C. macrostemon Hayata var. pseudoloureiroi (Hayata) Yamamoto; C. pedunculatum Nees; C. pseudoloureiroi Hayata.
Evergreen trees, 10-15 m tall, 30-35 cm d.b.h. Branchlets red or red-brown, slender, terete, very glabrous, scented. Leaves subopposite or those on upper part of branchlet alternate; petiole red-brown, robust, concave-convex, glabrous; leaf blade gray-green and opaque abaxially, green and shiny adaxially, ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 7-10 × 3-3.5 cm, leathery, glabrous on both surfaces, triplinerved, midrib extending to leaf apex, with a few additional veins on upper part of leaf blade, basal lateral veins oblique, arising 1-1.5 cm above leaf base, with a few additional veins outside, sometimes a pair of slightly conspicuous additional veins arising from leaf base, midrib and lateral veins elevated on both surfaces, transverse veins and veinlets finely foveolate abaxially and conspicuously densely reticulate adaxially, base broadly cuneate or obtuse, margin entire, apex acute to acuminate. Panicle axillary, 3-4.5(-10) cm, branched, apex of branch bearing a 3-5-flowered cyme; peduncle 1.5-3 cm, glabrous. Pedicels 5-7 mm, glabrous. Flowers ca. 4.5 mm. Perianth tube obconical, short, ca. 1.5 mm; perianth lobes 6, ovate, ca. 3 × 2 mm, acute, glabrous outside, villous inside. Fertile stamens 9, included; filaments ca. 2 mm, those of 3rd whorl each with 2 orbicular-reniform glands near middle, others glandless; anthers ovate-elliptic, obtuse, 4-celled; cells introrse (of 1st and 2nd whorls) or extrorse (of 3rd whorl). Staminodes 3. Ovary ovoid, ca. 1 mm, slightly puberulent; style a little longer than ovary; stigma discoid. Fruit oblong, ca. 7 × 5 mm, glabrous; perianth cup in fruit shallowly cupuliform, apex very open and up to 5 mm wide, entire or shallowly dentate on margin, base abruptly contracted into a slender stalk. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jul-Sep.
Evergreen broad-leaved forests on low hills, near seashores; 300-1000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
Cinnamomum macrostemon Hayata (Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 160. 1913) was described from Taiwan. Although Li (Woody Fl. Taiwan, 204. 1963) regarded it as a synonym of C. japonicum, the present authors prefer to leave it unplaced because they have seen no material.
The leafy branchlets and bark contain volatile oil, which is a source of perfume. The fruit kernel contains oil and fat, which are used in soap manufacture. The wood is hard and durable and is used for house construction and furniture.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
踩一下[0]
顶一下[3]