蒙古栎Quercus mongolica
中文名（Chinese Name）：蒙古栎
学名（Scientific Name）：Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb.
英文名（English Common Name）：mongolian oak
别名（Chinese Common Name）：蒙栎、柞栎
异名（Synonym）：Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata (Bl.) Rehd.et Wils. Quercus mongolica var. macrocarpa H. W. Jen et L. M. Wang Quercus wutaishanica Mayr Quercus kirinensis Nakai Quercus mongolica var. kirinensis (Nakai) Kitag. Quercus crispula Blume Quercus sessiliflora var. mongolica (Fisch. ex Ledeb.) Franch. Quercus mongolica subsp. crispula (Blume) Menitsky Quercus crispula var. manschurica Koidz. Quercus mongolica var. manschurica (Koidz.) Nakai Quercus mongolica var. typica Nakai Quercus mongolica f. typica (Nakai) Kozlov
科属（Family & Genus）：壳斗科（Fagaceae）栎属
形态特征（Description）：落叶乔木，高达30米，树皮灰褐色，纵裂。幼枝紫褐色，有棱，无毛。顶芽长卵形，微有棱，芽鳞紫褐色，有缘毛。叶片倒卵形至长倒卵形，长7-19厘米；宽3-11厘米，顶端短钝尖或短突尖，基部窄圆形或耳形，叶缘7-10对钝齿或粗齿，幼时沿脉有毛，后渐脱落，侧脉每边7-11条；叶柄长2-8毫米，无毛。雄花序生于新枝下部，长5-7厘米，花序轴近无毛；花被6-8裂，雄蕊通过8-10；雌花序生于新枝上端叶腋，长约1厘米，有花4-5朵，通常只1-2朵发育，花被6裂，花柱短，柱头3裂。壳斗杯形，包着坚果1/3-1/2，直径1.5-1.8 厘米，高0.8-1.5厘米，壳斗外壁小苞片三角状卵形，呈半球形瘤状突起，密被灰白色短绒毛，伸出口部边缘呈流苏状。坚果卵形至长卵形，直径1.3-1.8厘米，高2-2.3厘米，无毛，果脐微突起。花期4-5月，果期9月。
分布（Distribution）：产东北、内蒙古、河北、山东等省区。生于海拔200-2100米的山地。俄罗斯、朝鲜、日本也有。
用途（Use）：木材边材淡褐色，心材淡灰褐色，气干密度0.67-0.78克/立方厘米，材质坚硬，耐腐力强，干后易开裂；可供车船、建筑、坑木等用材，压缩木可供作机械零件，叶含蛋白质12.4％，可饲柞蚕；种子含淀粉47.4％，可酿酒或作饲料，树皮入药有收敛止泻及治痢疾之效。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 4 Page 374
Quercus mongolica Fischer ex Ledebour, Fl. Ross. 3(2): 589. 1850.
蒙栎 meng gu li | Fagaceae | Quercus
Quercus crispula Blume; Q. crispula var. manschurica Koidzumi; Q. grosseserrata Blume; Q. kirinensis Nakai; Q. liaotungensis Koidzumi; Q. mongolica subsp. crispula (Blume) Menitsky; Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata (Blume) Rehder & E. H. Wilson; Q. mongolica var. kirinensis (Nakai) Kitagawa; Q. mongolica var. liaotungensis (Koidzumi) Nakai; Q. mongolica var. macrocarpa H. W. Jen & L. M. Wang; Q. mongolica var. manschurica (Koidzumi) Nakai; Q. sessiliflora Salisbury var. mongolica (Fischer ex Ledebour) Franchet; Q. wutaishanica Mayr.
Trees to 30 m tall, deciduous. Branchlets purple-brown, angular, glabrous, lenticellate. Petiole 2-8 mm, glabrous; leaf blade obovate to narrowly so, (5-)7-19(-23) × (2-)3-11 cm, hairy along veins, glabrescent, base narrowly rounded to auriculate, margin with (5-)7-10 undulate to rough serrations on each side, apex truncate, shortly mucronate, or cuspidate; secondary veins (5-)10-18 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Female inflorescences axillary on apical part of young shoot, 0.5-2 cm; cupules 4 or 5 but usually only 1 or 2 fertile. Perianth 6-lobed. Cupule cupular, 0.8-1.5 × 1.2-1.8(-2.8) cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut; bracts basal from cupule rim triangular-ovate, abaxial surface semiglobose tuberculate, sparsely to densely grayish pubescent; bracts at rim of cupule patent, margin fimbriate. Nut narrowly ovoid, ovoid, or ovoid-ellipsoid, (1.5-)2-2.4 × (1-)1.3-1.8(-2.3) cm, glabrous except for apex; scar 5-8(-13) mm in diam., slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct.
Mixed mesophytic forests; 200-2500 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan [Japan, Korea, Russia]
A widespread and variable species. The name Quercus wutaishanica (Q. liaotungensis) has been used for those plants from NW China that have smaller leaves and flatter cupule bracts, but these are clinal differences. In addition, many leaf forms of Q. mongolica have been recognized as varieties, but these are merely extreme cases within the variation of the species and do not warrant even varietal rank.（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb.
英文名（English Common Name）：mongolian oak
别名（Chinese Common Name）：蒙栎、柞栎
异名（Synonym）：Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata (Bl.) Rehd.et Wils. Quercus mongolica var. macrocarpa H. W. Jen et L. M. Wang Quercus wutaishanica Mayr Quercus kirinensis Nakai Quercus mongolica var. kirinensis (Nakai) Kitag. Quercus crispula Blume Quercus sessiliflora var. mongolica (Fisch. ex Ledeb.) Franch. Quercus mongolica subsp. crispula (Blume) Menitsky Quercus crispula var. manschurica Koidz. Quercus mongolica var. manschurica (Koidz.) Nakai Quercus mongolica var. typica Nakai Quercus mongolica f. typica (Nakai) Kozlov
科属（Family & Genus）：壳斗科（Fagaceae）栎属
形态特征（Description）：落叶乔木，高达30米，树皮灰褐色，纵裂。幼枝紫褐色，有棱，无毛。顶芽长卵形，微有棱，芽鳞紫褐色，有缘毛。叶片倒卵形至长倒卵形，长7-19厘米；宽3-11厘米，顶端短钝尖或短突尖，基部窄圆形或耳形，叶缘7-10对钝齿或粗齿，幼时沿脉有毛，后渐脱落，侧脉每边7-11条；叶柄长2-8毫米，无毛。雄花序生于新枝下部，长5-7厘米，花序轴近无毛；花被6-8裂，雄蕊通过8-10；雌花序生于新枝上端叶腋，长约1厘米，有花4-5朵，通常只1-2朵发育，花被6裂，花柱短，柱头3裂。壳斗杯形，包着坚果1/3-1/2，直径1.5-1.8 厘米，高0.8-1.5厘米，壳斗外壁小苞片三角状卵形，呈半球形瘤状突起，密被灰白色短绒毛，伸出口部边缘呈流苏状。坚果卵形至长卵形，直径1.3-1.8厘米，高2-2.3厘米，无毛，果脐微突起。花期4-5月，果期9月。
分布（Distribution）：产东北、内蒙古、河北、山东等省区。生于海拔200-2100米的山地。俄罗斯、朝鲜、日本也有。
用途（Use）：木材边材淡褐色，心材淡灰褐色，气干密度0.67-0.78克/立方厘米，材质坚硬，耐腐力强，干后易开裂；可供车船、建筑、坑木等用材，压缩木可供作机械零件，叶含蛋白质12.4％，可饲柞蚕；种子含淀粉47.4％，可酿酒或作饲料，树皮入药有收敛止泻及治痢疾之效。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 4 Page 374
Quercus mongolica Fischer ex Ledebour, Fl. Ross. 3(2): 589. 1850.
蒙栎 meng gu li | Fagaceae | Quercus
Quercus crispula Blume; Q. crispula var. manschurica Koidzumi; Q. grosseserrata Blume; Q. kirinensis Nakai; Q. liaotungensis Koidzumi; Q. mongolica subsp. crispula (Blume) Menitsky; Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata (Blume) Rehder & E. H. Wilson; Q. mongolica var. kirinensis (Nakai) Kitagawa; Q. mongolica var. liaotungensis (Koidzumi) Nakai; Q. mongolica var. macrocarpa H. W. Jen & L. M. Wang; Q. mongolica var. manschurica (Koidzumi) Nakai; Q. sessiliflora Salisbury var. mongolica (Fischer ex Ledebour) Franchet; Q. wutaishanica Mayr.
Trees to 30 m tall, deciduous. Branchlets purple-brown, angular, glabrous, lenticellate. Petiole 2-8 mm, glabrous; leaf blade obovate to narrowly so, (5-)7-19(-23) × (2-)3-11 cm, hairy along veins, glabrescent, base narrowly rounded to auriculate, margin with (5-)7-10 undulate to rough serrations on each side, apex truncate, shortly mucronate, or cuspidate; secondary veins (5-)10-18 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially slender, evident. Female inflorescences axillary on apical part of young shoot, 0.5-2 cm; cupules 4 or 5 but usually only 1 or 2 fertile. Perianth 6-lobed. Cupule cupular, 0.8-1.5 × 1.2-1.8(-2.8) cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut; bracts basal from cupule rim triangular-ovate, abaxial surface semiglobose tuberculate, sparsely to densely grayish pubescent; bracts at rim of cupule patent, margin fimbriate. Nut narrowly ovoid, ovoid, or ovoid-ellipsoid, (1.5-)2-2.4 × (1-)1.3-1.8(-2.3) cm, glabrous except for apex; scar 5-8(-13) mm in diam., slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct.
Mixed mesophytic forests; 200-2500 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan [Japan, Korea, Russia]
A widespread and variable species. The name Quercus wutaishanica (Q. liaotungensis) has been used for those plants from NW China that have smaller leaves and flatter cupule bracts, but these are clinal differences. In addition, many leaf forms of Q. mongolica have been recognized as varieties, but these are merely extreme cases within the variation of the species and do not warrant even varietal rank.（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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