红花天料木Homalium ceylanicum
中文名（Chinese Name）：红花天料木
学名（Scientific Name）：Homalium ceylanicum (Gardn.) Benth.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：斯里兰卡天料木
异名（Synonym）：Homalium hainanense Gagnep. Homalium ceylanicum var. laoticum (Gagnep.) G. S. Fan Blackwellia zeylanica Gardner Blackwellia ceylanica Gardner Homalium laoticum Gagnep. Homalium laoticum var. glabratum C. Y. Wu Homalium balansae Gagnep. Homalium bhamoense Cubitt et W. W. Sm. Homalium hainanensis
科属（Family & Genus）：大风子科（Flacourtiaceae）天料木属
形态特征（Description）：乔木，高6-20（40)米；树皮粗糙；小枝圆柱形，棕褐色，密具白色突起的椭圆形皮孔，无毛。叶薄革质至厚纸质，椭圆形至长圆形，长10-18厘米，宽4.5-8厘米，先端钝，急尖或短渐尖，基部宽楔形至近圆形，边缘全缘或具极疏钝齿，两面无毛，主脉在上面凹下，在下面凸起，侧脉7-8对，在下面凸起；叶柄长8-10毫米，无毛。花多数，4-6朵簇生而排成总状，总状花序腋生，长10-20厘米，稀达30厘米，花序梗被短柔毛；花梗短，长约3-5毫米，被短柔毛，中部以上具关节；萼筒陀螺状，长约1毫米，被短柔毛，萼片5-6，线状长圆形，长1-1.8毫米，被短柔毛，边缘密被短睫毛；花瓣5-6，线状长圆形，长约2毫米，宽约0.6毫米，外面疏被短柔毛，边缘密被短睫毛；雄蕊4-6，花丝无毛；花盘腺体7-10个，与萼片对生，陀螺状，顶端平截；子房外面有柔毛；侧膜胎座4-6个，每个胎座上有5-6颗胚珠，花柱4-6，长约3毫米，无毛。花期4-6月。
分布（Distribution）：产云南、西藏。生于海拔630-1200米的山谷疏林中和林缘。斯里兰卡、印度、老挝、泰国、越南也有。
用途（Use）：木材坚韧、纹理细密，可供建筑、家具等用
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 13 Page 128, 130, 131
Homalium ceylanicum (Gardner) Bentham, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4: 35. 1859.
斯里兰卡天料木 si li lan ka tian liao mu | Flacourtiaceae | Homalium
Blackwellia ceylanica Gardner, Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 7: 452. 1847; Homalium balansae Gagnepain; H. bhamoense Cubitt & W. W. Smith; H. ceylanicum var. laoticum (Gagnepain) G. S. Fan; H. hainanense Gagnepain; H. laoticum Gagnepain; H. laoticum var. glabratum C. Y. Wu.
Trees, 6-30(-40) m tall, buttressed; bark smooth to coarse; branchlets brown, angular to terete, puberulous to glabrous. Stipules linear-lanceolate, 1.5-3 mm, glabrous or glabrescent, early caducous; petiole 5-12 mm, glabrous or finely hairy; leaf blade variable in shape and size, elliptic to oblong, rarely obovate, excluding acumen 1.5-2.5(-3) × as long as broad, 6-18(-20) × 2.5-8(-9) cm, thinly leathery to thickly papery, abaxially pubescent with appressed short hairs or glabrous, adaxially glabrous or ± glabrescent, midvein raised abaxially, flat or impressed adaxially, lateral veins 7-10 pairs, raised abaxially, base acute with concave sides, acute-cuneate, or subrounded, margin serrate-crenate to practically entire, teeth apices obtuse, leaf apex acute to rounded, contracting (sometimes very abruptly) to an acumen to 1 cm. Inflorescence axillary, racemose, pendulous, 5-20(-30) cm; rachis sparsely to very densely, pale grayish brown shortly pubescent; bracts narrowly triangular, minute, to ca. 2 mm, papery, sparsely hairy, caducous. Pedicels 1-3 mm, articulate at or above middle, densely puberulous to appressed shortly pubescent. Flowers numerous, in fascicles of 3 to ca. 20, sometimes very crowded along rachis, reddish or whitish, 4-6-merous, 2.5-3 mm in diam. at anthesis, fragrant. Calyx tube 0.5-1.5 mm, sparsely to densely pubescent, hairs whitish, appressed, short (0.1-0.2 mm); sepals linear-oblong or spatulate, 0.5-2 × 0.3-0.5 mm, apex acute, indumentum outside as for calyx tube, inside slightly denser, margin densely ciliate, hairs spreading, whitish, length less than 1/2 to 1 × sepal width. Petals whitish or pinkish, ovate-oblong or spatulate, 0.8-2 × ca. 0.6 mm, both surfaces densely appressed whitish pubescent, sometimes more so than sepals, margin densely white-ciliate, apex obtuse. Disk glands truncate at apex, hairy. Stamens 4-6; filaments 2-3 mm, glabrous; anthers ca. 0.4 mm. Free part of ovary gray pubescent; placentas 4-6, each with 3-6 ovules; styles 4-6, free nearly to base, 1-2 mm, sparsely hairy at base; stigmas capitate to slightly peltate. Mature fruit not seen. Fl. Jan-Nov, fr. Feb-Dec.
Sparse or dense forests of mountain valleys, forest margins, rain forests, evergreen broad-leaved forests, along streams, in forested ravines, on gentle slopes; 400-1200 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, SE Xizang, S Yunnan [Bangladesh, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
Homalium ceylanicum is cultivated for ornament, and its wood is used commercially. Yu (in Fu & Jin, China Pl. Red Data Book 1: 304-305. 1992) gave H. laoticum var. glabratum as an accepted taxon and categorized it as vulnerable. They noted it as a rare and valuable timber tree, with small, scattered populations under threat from felling and bush fires. Natural regeneration is poor and seed set is low (despite prolific flowering).
Homalium ceylanicum is treated here in a wide sense as a highly polymorphic species within which various elements show intergrading variation in indumentum, leaf size, and raceme length. Indian floras recognize also H. ceylanicum subsp. minutiflorum (Kurz) Mitra, with H. ciliatum N. Mukherjee in synonymy. Wu Zhengyi (pers. comm., 2005) recommended recognition of H. bhamoense at species level, with a new species to accommodate plants from Xizang. Resolution of the H. ceylanicum complex requires a study across its entire range. Material with mature fruit is apparently scarce. Verdcourt (in Dassanayake & Clayton, Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceylon 10: 219. 1996) recommended a field study to investigate fruit production.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Homalium ceylanicum (Gardn.) Benth.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：斯里兰卡天料木
异名（Synonym）：Homalium hainanense Gagnep. Homalium ceylanicum var. laoticum (Gagnep.) G. S. Fan Blackwellia zeylanica Gardner Blackwellia ceylanica Gardner Homalium laoticum Gagnep. Homalium laoticum var. glabratum C. Y. Wu Homalium balansae Gagnep. Homalium bhamoense Cubitt et W. W. Sm. Homalium hainanensis
科属（Family & Genus）：大风子科（Flacourtiaceae）天料木属
形态特征（Description）：乔木，高6-20（40)米；树皮粗糙；小枝圆柱形，棕褐色，密具白色突起的椭圆形皮孔，无毛。叶薄革质至厚纸质，椭圆形至长圆形，长10-18厘米，宽4.5-8厘米，先端钝，急尖或短渐尖，基部宽楔形至近圆形，边缘全缘或具极疏钝齿，两面无毛，主脉在上面凹下，在下面凸起，侧脉7-8对，在下面凸起；叶柄长8-10毫米，无毛。花多数，4-6朵簇生而排成总状，总状花序腋生，长10-20厘米，稀达30厘米，花序梗被短柔毛；花梗短，长约3-5毫米，被短柔毛，中部以上具关节；萼筒陀螺状，长约1毫米，被短柔毛，萼片5-6，线状长圆形，长1-1.8毫米，被短柔毛，边缘密被短睫毛；花瓣5-6，线状长圆形，长约2毫米，宽约0.6毫米，外面疏被短柔毛，边缘密被短睫毛；雄蕊4-6，花丝无毛；花盘腺体7-10个，与萼片对生，陀螺状，顶端平截；子房外面有柔毛；侧膜胎座4-6个，每个胎座上有5-6颗胚珠，花柱4-6，长约3毫米，无毛。花期4-6月。
分布（Distribution）：产云南、西藏。生于海拔630-1200米的山谷疏林中和林缘。斯里兰卡、印度、老挝、泰国、越南也有。
用途（Use）：木材坚韧、纹理细密，可供建筑、家具等用
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 13 Page 128, 130, 131
Homalium ceylanicum (Gardner) Bentham, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 4: 35. 1859.
斯里兰卡天料木 si li lan ka tian liao mu | Flacourtiaceae | Homalium
Blackwellia ceylanica Gardner, Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 7: 452. 1847; Homalium balansae Gagnepain; H. bhamoense Cubitt & W. W. Smith; H. ceylanicum var. laoticum (Gagnepain) G. S. Fan; H. hainanense Gagnepain; H. laoticum Gagnepain; H. laoticum var. glabratum C. Y. Wu.
Trees, 6-30(-40) m tall, buttressed; bark smooth to coarse; branchlets brown, angular to terete, puberulous to glabrous. Stipules linear-lanceolate, 1.5-3 mm, glabrous or glabrescent, early caducous; petiole 5-12 mm, glabrous or finely hairy; leaf blade variable in shape and size, elliptic to oblong, rarely obovate, excluding acumen 1.5-2.5(-3) × as long as broad, 6-18(-20) × 2.5-8(-9) cm, thinly leathery to thickly papery, abaxially pubescent with appressed short hairs or glabrous, adaxially glabrous or ± glabrescent, midvein raised abaxially, flat or impressed adaxially, lateral veins 7-10 pairs, raised abaxially, base acute with concave sides, acute-cuneate, or subrounded, margin serrate-crenate to practically entire, teeth apices obtuse, leaf apex acute to rounded, contracting (sometimes very abruptly) to an acumen to 1 cm. Inflorescence axillary, racemose, pendulous, 5-20(-30) cm; rachis sparsely to very densely, pale grayish brown shortly pubescent; bracts narrowly triangular, minute, to ca. 2 mm, papery, sparsely hairy, caducous. Pedicels 1-3 mm, articulate at or above middle, densely puberulous to appressed shortly pubescent. Flowers numerous, in fascicles of 3 to ca. 20, sometimes very crowded along rachis, reddish or whitish, 4-6-merous, 2.5-3 mm in diam. at anthesis, fragrant. Calyx tube 0.5-1.5 mm, sparsely to densely pubescent, hairs whitish, appressed, short (0.1-0.2 mm); sepals linear-oblong or spatulate, 0.5-2 × 0.3-0.5 mm, apex acute, indumentum outside as for calyx tube, inside slightly denser, margin densely ciliate, hairs spreading, whitish, length less than 1/2 to 1 × sepal width. Petals whitish or pinkish, ovate-oblong or spatulate, 0.8-2 × ca. 0.6 mm, both surfaces densely appressed whitish pubescent, sometimes more so than sepals, margin densely white-ciliate, apex obtuse. Disk glands truncate at apex, hairy. Stamens 4-6; filaments 2-3 mm, glabrous; anthers ca. 0.4 mm. Free part of ovary gray pubescent; placentas 4-6, each with 3-6 ovules; styles 4-6, free nearly to base, 1-2 mm, sparsely hairy at base; stigmas capitate to slightly peltate. Mature fruit not seen. Fl. Jan-Nov, fr. Feb-Dec.
Sparse or dense forests of mountain valleys, forest margins, rain forests, evergreen broad-leaved forests, along streams, in forested ravines, on gentle slopes; 400-1200 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, SE Xizang, S Yunnan [Bangladesh, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
Homalium ceylanicum is cultivated for ornament, and its wood is used commercially. Yu (in Fu & Jin, China Pl. Red Data Book 1: 304-305. 1992) gave H. laoticum var. glabratum as an accepted taxon and categorized it as vulnerable. They noted it as a rare and valuable timber tree, with small, scattered populations under threat from felling and bush fires. Natural regeneration is poor and seed set is low (despite prolific flowering).
Homalium ceylanicum is treated here in a wide sense as a highly polymorphic species within which various elements show intergrading variation in indumentum, leaf size, and raceme length. Indian floras recognize also H. ceylanicum subsp. minutiflorum (Kurz) Mitra, with H. ciliatum N. Mukherjee in synonymy. Wu Zhengyi (pers. comm., 2005) recommended recognition of H. bhamoense at species level, with a new species to accommodate plants from Xizang. Resolution of the H. ceylanicum complex requires a study across its entire range. Material with mature fruit is apparently scarce. Verdcourt (in Dassanayake & Clayton, Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceylon 10: 219. 1996) recommended a field study to investigate fruit production.
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