山茱萸Cornus officinalis
中文名(Chinese Name):山茱萸
学名(Scientific Name):Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zucc.
英文名(English Common Name):Asiatic dogwood
别名(Chinese Common Name):山萸
异名(Synonym): Macrocarpium officinale (Siebold et Zucc.) Nakai Cornus officinalis var. koreana Kitam.
科属(Family & Genus):山茱萸科(Cornaceae)山茱萸属
形态特征(Description):落叶乔木或灌木,高4-10米;树皮灰褐色;小枝细圆柱形,无毛或稀被贴生短柔毛冬芽顶生及腋生,卵形至披针形,被黄褐色短柔毛。叶对生,纸质,卵状披针形或卵状椭圆 形,长5.5-10厘米,宽2.5-4.5厘米,先端渐尖,基部宽楔形或近于圆形,全缘,上面绿色,无毛,下面浅绿色,稀被白色贴生短柔毛,脉腋密生淡褐色丛毛,中脉在上面明显,下面凸起,近于无毛,侧脉6-7对,弓形内弯;叶柄细圆柱形,长0.6-1.2厘米,上面有浅沟,下面圆形,稍被贴生疏柔毛。伞形花序生于枝侧,有总苞片4,卵形,厚纸质至革质,长约8毫米,带紫色,两侧略被短柔毛,开花后脱落;总花梗粗壮,长约2毫米,微被灰色短柔毛; 花小,两性,先叶开放;花萼裂片4,阔三角形,与花盘等长或稍长,长约0.6毫米,无毛;花瓣4,舌状披针形,长3.3毫米,黄色,向外反卷;雄蕊4,与花瓣互生,长1.8毫米,花丝钻形,花药椭圆形,2室;花盘垫状,无毛;子房下位,花托倒卵形,长约1毫米,密被贴生疏柔毛,花柱圆柱形,长1.5毫米,柱头截形;花梗纤细,长0.5-1厘米,密被疏柔毛。核果长椭圆形,长1.2-1.7厘米,直径5-7毫米,红色至紫红色;核骨质,狭椭圆形,长约12毫米,有几条不整齐的肋纹。花期3-4月;果期9-10月。
分布(Distribution):产山西、陕西、甘肃、浙江、山东、江苏、安徽、江西、河南及湖南等省区,生于海拔400-1500米的林缘或森林中。朝鲜及日本也有。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 14 Page 215
Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. 1: 100. 1835.
山茱萸 shan zhu yu | Cornaceae | Cornus
Macrocarpium officinale (Siebold & Zuccarini) Nakai.
Trees or shrubs, 4–10 m tall; axis sympodial. Bark grayish brown; winter leaf buds terminal or axillary, solitary or associated with flower buds; flower buds terminal, pubescent with yellowish brown short trichomes. Leaf blade abaxially light green, ovate-lanceolate or ovate-elliptic, 5.5–10 × 2.5–4.5 cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent with short appressed trichomes, axils of lateral veins with dense light brown long soft trichomes, veins 6 or 7. Umbellate inflorescences terminal; bracts ovate, 5–8 mm, papery to leathery, pubescent; peduncle ca. 2 mm, thick, pubescent. Pedicels 0.5–1 cm, slender, densely pubescent with soft trichomes. Calyx teeth broadly triangular, ca. 0.6 mm. Petals reflexed, ligulate-lanceolate, 2.5–3.3 × 1–1.3 mm. Stamens ca. 1.8 mm; anthers ellipsoid. Ovary obovoid, ca. 1 mm, densely pubescent; style ca. 1.5 mm. Fruit red or purplish red, narrowly ellipsoid, 1.2–1.8 × 0.5–0.7 cm; stones narrowly ellipsoid, ca. 1.2 cm, with a few unequal ribs. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Sep–Oct.
Forests, forest margins, mountain slopes; 400–1500(–2100) m. Anhui, Gansu, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
The fruit, called “zhu yu” or “zao pi” in Chinese medicine, is prescribed as an astringent tonic for impotence, spermatorrhea, lumbago, vertigo, and night sweats.
(责任编辑:徐晔春)
学名(Scientific Name):Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zucc.
英文名(English Common Name):Asiatic dogwood
别名(Chinese Common Name):山萸
异名(Synonym): Macrocarpium officinale (Siebold et Zucc.) Nakai Cornus officinalis var. koreana Kitam.
科属(Family & Genus):山茱萸科(Cornaceae)山茱萸属
形态特征(Description):落叶乔木或灌木,高4-10米;树皮灰褐色;小枝细圆柱形,无毛或稀被贴生短柔毛冬芽顶生及腋生,卵形至披针形,被黄褐色短柔毛。叶对生,纸质,卵状披针形或卵状椭圆 形,长5.5-10厘米,宽2.5-4.5厘米,先端渐尖,基部宽楔形或近于圆形,全缘,上面绿色,无毛,下面浅绿色,稀被白色贴生短柔毛,脉腋密生淡褐色丛毛,中脉在上面明显,下面凸起,近于无毛,侧脉6-7对,弓形内弯;叶柄细圆柱形,长0.6-1.2厘米,上面有浅沟,下面圆形,稍被贴生疏柔毛。伞形花序生于枝侧,有总苞片4,卵形,厚纸质至革质,长约8毫米,带紫色,两侧略被短柔毛,开花后脱落;总花梗粗壮,长约2毫米,微被灰色短柔毛; 花小,两性,先叶开放;花萼裂片4,阔三角形,与花盘等长或稍长,长约0.6毫米,无毛;花瓣4,舌状披针形,长3.3毫米,黄色,向外反卷;雄蕊4,与花瓣互生,长1.8毫米,花丝钻形,花药椭圆形,2室;花盘垫状,无毛;子房下位,花托倒卵形,长约1毫米,密被贴生疏柔毛,花柱圆柱形,长1.5毫米,柱头截形;花梗纤细,长0.5-1厘米,密被疏柔毛。核果长椭圆形,长1.2-1.7厘米,直径5-7毫米,红色至紫红色;核骨质,狭椭圆形,长约12毫米,有几条不整齐的肋纹。花期3-4月;果期9-10月。
分布(Distribution):产山西、陕西、甘肃、浙江、山东、江苏、安徽、江西、河南及湖南等省区,生于海拔400-1500米的林缘或森林中。朝鲜及日本也有。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 14 Page 215
Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. 1: 100. 1835.
山茱萸 shan zhu yu | Cornaceae | Cornus
Macrocarpium officinale (Siebold & Zuccarini) Nakai.
Trees or shrubs, 4–10 m tall; axis sympodial. Bark grayish brown; winter leaf buds terminal or axillary, solitary or associated with flower buds; flower buds terminal, pubescent with yellowish brown short trichomes. Leaf blade abaxially light green, ovate-lanceolate or ovate-elliptic, 5.5–10 × 2.5–4.5 cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent with short appressed trichomes, axils of lateral veins with dense light brown long soft trichomes, veins 6 or 7. Umbellate inflorescences terminal; bracts ovate, 5–8 mm, papery to leathery, pubescent; peduncle ca. 2 mm, thick, pubescent. Pedicels 0.5–1 cm, slender, densely pubescent with soft trichomes. Calyx teeth broadly triangular, ca. 0.6 mm. Petals reflexed, ligulate-lanceolate, 2.5–3.3 × 1–1.3 mm. Stamens ca. 1.8 mm; anthers ellipsoid. Ovary obovoid, ca. 1 mm, densely pubescent; style ca. 1.5 mm. Fruit red or purplish red, narrowly ellipsoid, 1.2–1.8 × 0.5–0.7 cm; stones narrowly ellipsoid, ca. 1.2 cm, with a few unequal ribs. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Sep–Oct.
Forests, forest margins, mountain slopes; 400–1500(–2100) m. Anhui, Gansu, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
The fruit, called “zhu yu” or “zao pi” in Chinese medicine, is prescribed as an astringent tonic for impotence, spermatorrhea, lumbago, vertigo, and night sweats.
(责任编辑:徐晔春)
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