中文名（Chinese Name）：冬青
学名（Scientific Name）：Ilex chinensis Sims
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：大冬青
异名（Synonym）：Callicarpa cavaleriei H. Lév.；Ilex purpurea Hassk.；Ilex purpurea var. oldhamii (Miq.) Loes. ex Diels；Ilex oldhamii Miq.；Ilex jinggangshanensis C. J. Tseng；Embelia rubro-violacea Levin；Ilex myriadenia Hance；Ilex purpurea var. myriadenia (Hance) Loes.；Ilex purpurea f. oldhamii (Miq.) Loes.；Symplocos courtoisii H. Lév.
科属（Family & Genus）：冬青科（Aquifoliaceae）冬青属
形态特征（Description）：常绿乔木，高达13米；树皮灰黑色，当年生小枝浅灰色，圆柱形，具细棱；二至多年生枝具不明显的小皮孔，叶痕新月形，凸起。叶片薄革质至革质，椭圆形或披针形，稀卵形，长5-11厘米，宽2-4厘米，先端渐尖，基部楔形或钝，边缘具圆齿，或有时在幼叶为锯齿，叶面绿色，有光泽，干时深褐色，背面淡绿色，主脉在叶面平，背面隆起，侧脉6-9对，在叶面不明显，叶背明显，无毛，或有时在雄株幼枝顶芽、幼叶叶柄及主脉上有长柔毛；叶柄长8-10毫米，上面平或有时具窄沟。雄花：花序具3-4回分枝，总花梗长7-14毫米，二级轴长2-5毫米，花梗长2毫米，无毛，每分枝具花7-24朵；花淡紫色或紫红色，4-5基数；花萼浅杯状，裂片阔卵状三角形，具缘毛；花冠辐状，直径约5毫米，花瓣卵形，长2.5毫米，宽约2毫米，开放时反折，基部稍合生；雄蕊短于花瓣，长1.5毫米，花药椭圆形；退化子房圆锥状，长不足1毫米；雌花：花序具1-2回分枝，具花3-7朵，总花梗长约3-10毫米，扁，二级轴发育不好；花梗长6-10毫米；花萼和花瓣同雄花，退化雄蕊长约为花瓣的1/2，败育花药心形；子房卵球形，柱头具不明显的4-5裂，厚盘形。果长球形，成熟时红色，长10-12毫米，直径6-8毫米；分核4-5，狭披针形，长9-11毫米，宽约2.5毫米，背面平滑，凹形，断面呈三棱形，内果皮厚革质。花期4-6月，果期7-12月。
分布（Distribution）：产江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、河南、台湾、湖北、湖南、广东、广西及云南等地，生于海拔500-1000米的山坡常绿阔叶林中或林缘。
用途（Use）：本种为我国常见的庭园观赏树种；木材坚韧，供细工原料，用于制玩具、雕刻品、工具柄、刷背和木梳等；树皮及种子供药用，为强壮剂，且有较强的抑菌和杀菌作用；叶有清热利湿、消肿镇痛之功效，树皮含鞋质，可提制栲胶。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 361, 377
Ilex chinensis Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2043. 1819.
冬青 dong qing | Aquifoliaceae  | Ilex
Callicarpa cavaleriei H. Léveillé; Celastrus bodinieri H. Léveillé; Embelia rubroviolacea H. Léveillé; Ilex jinggangshanensis C. J. Tseng; I. myriadenia Hance; I. oldhamii Miquel; I. purpurea Hasskarl; I. purpurea var. myriadenia (Hance) Loesener; I. purpurea f. oldhamii (Miquel) Loesener; I. purpurea var. oldhamii (Miquel) Loesener.
Trees evergreen, to 15 m tall; bark gray-black. Current year’s branchlets gray, terete, thinly angular; older branchlets glabrous, with crescent-shaped, convex leaf scars; lenticels obscure, small. Plants glabrous, or sometimes villous on terminal buds, petioles, and adaxial midvein of young leaves of male plant. Petiole 8-10 mm, flat or narrowly sulcate adaxially; leaf blade deep brown, shiny when dry adaxially, elliptic or lanceolate, rarely ovate, 5-11 × 2-4 cm, thinly leathery to leathery, glabrous, rarely adaxially pilose on midvein when young, midvein flat adaxially, lateral veins 6-9 pairs, distinct abaxially, obscure adaxially, base cuneate or obtuse, margin crenate, or sometimes young leaf serrate, apex acuminate, acumen 5-10 mm. Inflorescences: cymes, solitary, axillary on current year’s branchlets, glabrous. Male inflorescences: cymes of order 3-5, 7-24-flowered; peduncles 7-14 mm; secondary axis 2-5 mm; pedicels ca. 2 mm, glabrous; flowers purplish or purple-red, 4- or 5-merous; calyx shallowly cup-shaped, lobes broadly deltoid, ciliate; corolla rotate, ca. 5 mm in diam., petals reflexed at anthesis, ca. 2.5 × 2 mm, basally slightly connate; stamens shorter than petals, anthers elliptic; rudimentary ovary conical, inferior to 1 mm. Female inflorescences: cymes of order 2 or 3, 3-7-flowered; peduncles 3-10 mm, compressed; secondary axis poorly developed; pedicels 6-10 mm; calyx and corolla as in male flowers; staminodes ca. 1/2 as long as petals, sterile anthers cordate; ovary ovoid, stigma thickly discoid, inconspicuously 4- or 5-lobed. Fruit red, narrowly globose, 1-1.2 cm, 6-8 mm in diam.; pyrenes 4 or 5, narrowly lanceolate, 9-10 mm, ca. 2.5 mm in diam., abaxially smooth, concave, trigonous in cross section, endocarp thickly leathery. Fl. Apr-Jul, fr. Jul-Dec.
Evergreen broad-leaved forests, forest margins on mountain slopes; sea level to 2000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）