蛇瓜Trichosanthes anguina
中文名(Chinese Name):蛇瓜
学名(Scientific Name):Trichosanthes anguina L.
英文名(English Common Name):snakegourd
别名(Chinese Common Name):蛇豆
异名(Synonym):Trichosanthes cucumerina var. anguina (L.) Haines Cucumis anguina L.
科属(Family & Genus):葫芦科(Cucurbitaceae)栝楼属
形态特征(Description):一年生攀援藤本;茎纤细,多分枝,具纵棱及槽,被短柔毛及疏被长柔毛状长硬毛。叶片膜质,圆形或肾状圆形,长8-16厘米,宽12-18厘米,3-7浅裂至中裂,有时深裂,裂片极多变,通常倒卵形,两侧不对称,先端圆钝或阔三角形,具短尖头,边缘具疏离细齿,叶基弯缺深心形,深约3厘米,上面绿色,被短柔毛及散生长柔毛状长硬毛,背面淡绿色,密被短柔毛,主脉5-7条,直达齿尖,细脉网状;叶柄长3.5-8厘米,具纵条纹,密被短柔毛及疏被柔毛状长硬毛。卷须2-3歧,具纵条纹,被短柔毛。花雌雄同株。雄花组成总状花序,常有1单生雌花并生,花序梗长10-18厘米,疏被短柔毛及长硬毛,顶端具8-10花,花梗细,长5-12毫米,密被短柔毛;苞片钻状披针形,长3 (-5) 毫米;花萼筒近圆筒形,长2.5-3厘米,顶端略扩大,径4-5毫米,密被短柔毛及疏被长柔毛状硬毛,裂片狭三角形,长约2毫米,基部宽约1毫米,反折;花冠白色,裂片卵状长圆形,长7-8毫米,宽约3毫米,具3脉,流苏与花冠裂片近等长;花药柱卵球形,长约3毫米,花丝纤细,长约2毫米;退化雌蕊具3枚纤细分离的花柱。雌花单生,花梗长不及1厘米,密被长柔毛;花萼及花冠同雄花;子房棒状,长2.5-3厘米,径约3毫米,密被极短柔毛及长柔毛状硬毛。果实长圆柱形,长1-2米,径3-4厘米,通常扭曲,幼时绿色,具苍白色条纹,成熟时橙黄色,具种子10余枚。种子长圆形,藏于鲜红色的果瓤内,长11-17毫米,宽8-10毫米,灰褐色,种脐端变狭,另端圆形或略截形,边缘具浅波状圆齿,两面均具皱纹。花果期夏末及秋季。
分布(Distribution):原产印度,我国南北均有栽培。
用途(Use):本种果实供蔬食,并可消渴,治黄疸;根和种子止泻、杀虫。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 19 Page 37, 38
Trichosanthes anguina Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1008. 1753.
蛇瓜 she gua | Cucurbitaceae | Trichosanthes
Trichosanthes cucumerina Linnaeus var. anguina (Linnaeus) Haines.
Plants annual. Stems slender, branched, angular, puberulent. Petiole 3-7 cm; leaf blade suborbicular or orbicular-reniform, 8-16 × 6-18 cm, membranous, ± deeply 5(rarely 3-7)-lobed; lobes usually obovate, abaxially densely puberulent, adaxially subglabrous, margin finely denticulate. Plant monoecious. Male raceme usually 8-15-flowered; peduncle 10-18 cm, puberulent; pedicel erect, 5-12 cm, minutely spreading bracteate, bracts 3(-5) mm; calyx tube subcylindric, slightly dilated at apex, 2.5-3 × 4-5 mm, puberulent; segments reflexed, ca. 2 mm. Female flowers solitary; peduncle up to 1 cm; ovary narrowly fusiform, ± villous. Fruit very long, cylindric, 100-200 × 3-4 cm, smooth, sometimes contorted. Seed oblong, 11-17 × 8-10 mm, finely rugulose, margin undulate. Fl. and fr. summer-autumn.
Cultivated in China [cultivated throughout the tropics].
The fruit is eaten as vegetable. The roots and seeds are used medicinally for treating diarrhea.
One of us (Jeffrey) treats this taxon as Trichosanthes cucumerina var. anguina.
(责任编辑:徐晔春)
学名(Scientific Name):Trichosanthes anguina L.
英文名(English Common Name):snakegourd
别名(Chinese Common Name):蛇豆
异名(Synonym):Trichosanthes cucumerina var. anguina (L.) Haines Cucumis anguina L.
科属(Family & Genus):葫芦科(Cucurbitaceae)栝楼属
形态特征(Description):一年生攀援藤本;茎纤细,多分枝,具纵棱及槽,被短柔毛及疏被长柔毛状长硬毛。叶片膜质,圆形或肾状圆形,长8-16厘米,宽12-18厘米,3-7浅裂至中裂,有时深裂,裂片极多变,通常倒卵形,两侧不对称,先端圆钝或阔三角形,具短尖头,边缘具疏离细齿,叶基弯缺深心形,深约3厘米,上面绿色,被短柔毛及散生长柔毛状长硬毛,背面淡绿色,密被短柔毛,主脉5-7条,直达齿尖,细脉网状;叶柄长3.5-8厘米,具纵条纹,密被短柔毛及疏被柔毛状长硬毛。卷须2-3歧,具纵条纹,被短柔毛。花雌雄同株。雄花组成总状花序,常有1单生雌花并生,花序梗长10-18厘米,疏被短柔毛及长硬毛,顶端具8-10花,花梗细,长5-12毫米,密被短柔毛;苞片钻状披针形,长3 (-5) 毫米;花萼筒近圆筒形,长2.5-3厘米,顶端略扩大,径4-5毫米,密被短柔毛及疏被长柔毛状硬毛,裂片狭三角形,长约2毫米,基部宽约1毫米,反折;花冠白色,裂片卵状长圆形,长7-8毫米,宽约3毫米,具3脉,流苏与花冠裂片近等长;花药柱卵球形,长约3毫米,花丝纤细,长约2毫米;退化雌蕊具3枚纤细分离的花柱。雌花单生,花梗长不及1厘米,密被长柔毛;花萼及花冠同雄花;子房棒状,长2.5-3厘米,径约3毫米,密被极短柔毛及长柔毛状硬毛。果实长圆柱形,长1-2米,径3-4厘米,通常扭曲,幼时绿色,具苍白色条纹,成熟时橙黄色,具种子10余枚。种子长圆形,藏于鲜红色的果瓤内,长11-17毫米,宽8-10毫米,灰褐色,种脐端变狭,另端圆形或略截形,边缘具浅波状圆齿,两面均具皱纹。花果期夏末及秋季。
分布(Distribution):原产印度,我国南北均有栽培。
用途(Use):本种果实供蔬食,并可消渴,治黄疸;根和种子止泻、杀虫。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 19 Page 37, 38
Trichosanthes anguina Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1008. 1753.
蛇瓜 she gua | Cucurbitaceae | Trichosanthes
Trichosanthes cucumerina Linnaeus var. anguina (Linnaeus) Haines.
Plants annual. Stems slender, branched, angular, puberulent. Petiole 3-7 cm; leaf blade suborbicular or orbicular-reniform, 8-16 × 6-18 cm, membranous, ± deeply 5(rarely 3-7)-lobed; lobes usually obovate, abaxially densely puberulent, adaxially subglabrous, margin finely denticulate. Plant monoecious. Male raceme usually 8-15-flowered; peduncle 10-18 cm, puberulent; pedicel erect, 5-12 cm, minutely spreading bracteate, bracts 3(-5) mm; calyx tube subcylindric, slightly dilated at apex, 2.5-3 × 4-5 mm, puberulent; segments reflexed, ca. 2 mm. Female flowers solitary; peduncle up to 1 cm; ovary narrowly fusiform, ± villous. Fruit very long, cylindric, 100-200 × 3-4 cm, smooth, sometimes contorted. Seed oblong, 11-17 × 8-10 mm, finely rugulose, margin undulate. Fl. and fr. summer-autumn.
Cultivated in China [cultivated throughout the tropics].
The fruit is eaten as vegetable. The roots and seeds are used medicinally for treating diarrhea.
One of us (Jeffrey) treats this taxon as Trichosanthes cucumerina var. anguina.
(责任编辑:徐晔春)
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