西瓜Citrullus lanatus
中文名（Chinese Name）：西瓜
学名（Scientific Name）：Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai
英文名（English Common Name）：watermelon
别名（Chinese Common Name）：寒瓜
异名（Synonym）：Cucumis citrullus (L.) Ser. Cucurbita citrullus L. Colocynthis citrullus (L.) Kuntze Momordica lanata Thunb. Citrullus vulgaris Schrad. ex Kckl. et Zeyh. Citrullus lanata (Thunb.) Mansf. Anguria citrullus Mill. Citrullus amarus Schrad. Citrullus anguria (Duchesne) H.Hara Citrullus aquosus Schur Citrullus battich Forssk. Citrullus caffer Schrad. Citrullus caffrorum Schrad. Citrullus chodospermus Falc. & Dunal Citrullus colocynthis var. capensis Alef. Citrullus colocynthis var. lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai Citrullus lanatus f. nigroseminius (Chakrav.) Maheshw. Citrullus lanatus subsp. cordophanus Ter-Avan. Citrullus lanatus subsp. mucosospermus Fursa Citrullus lanatus var. albidus (Chakrav.) Maheshw. Citrullus lanatus var. caffrorum (Alef.) Fosberg Citrullus lanatus var. capensis (Alef.) Fursa Citrullus lanatus var. cordophanus (Ter-Avan.) Fursa Citrullus lanatus var. fistulosus (Steward) Babu Citrullus lanatus var. minor (Chakrav.) Maheshw. Citrullus lanatus var. oblongus (Chakrav.) Maheshw. Citrullus lanatus var. pulcherrimus (Chakrav.) Maheshw. Citrullus lanatus var. pumilus (Chakrav.) Maheshw. Citrullus lanatus var. rotundus (Chakrav.) Maheshw. Citrullus lanatus var. senegalicus Fursa Citrullus lanatus var. shami (Chakrav.) Maheshw. Citrullus lanatus var. variegatus (Chakrav.) Maheshw. Citrullus lanatus var. virgatus (Chakrav.) Maheshw. Citrullus lanatus var. viridis (Chakrav.) Maheshw. Citrullus mucosospermus var. senegalicus (Fursa) Fursa Citrullus mucosospermus (Fursa) Fursa Citrullus pasteca Sageret Citrullus vulgaris var. caffrorum Alef. Colocynthis amarissima Schrad. Cucumis amarissimus Schrad. Cucumis dissectus Decne. Cucumis edulis Steud. Cucumis vulgaris (Schrad.) E.H.L.Krause Cucurbita anguria Duchesne Cucurbita caffra Eckl. & Zeyh. Cucurbita gigantea Salisb. Cucurbita pinnatifida Schrank
科属（Family & Genus）：葫芦科（Cucurbitaceae）西瓜属
形态特征（Description）：一年生蔓生藤本；茎、枝粗壮，具明显的棱沟，被长而密的白色或淡黄褐色长柔毛。卷须较粗壮，具短柔毛，2歧，叶柄粗，长3-12厘米，粗0.2-0.4厘米，具不明显的沟纹，密被柔毛；叶片纸质，轮廓三角状卵形，带白绿色，长8-20厘米，宽5-15厘米，两面具短硬毛，脉上和背面较多，3深裂，中裂片较长，倒卵形、长圆状披针形或披针形，顶端急尖或渐尖，裂片又羽状或二重羽状浅裂或深裂，边缘波状或有疏齿，末次裂片通常有少数浅锯齿，先端钝圆，叶片基部心形，有时形成半圆形的弯缺，弯缺宽1-2厘米，深0.5-0.8厘米。雌雄同株。雌、雄花均单生于叶腋。雄花：花梗长3-4厘米，密被黄褐色长柔毛；花萼筒宽钟形，密被长柔毛，花萼裂片狭披针形，与花萼筒近等长，长2-3毫米；花冠淡黄色，径2.5-3厘米，外面带绿色，被长柔毛，裂片卵状长圆形，长1-1.5厘米，宽0.5-0.8厘米，顶端钝或稍尖，脉黄褐色，被毛；雄蕊3，近离生，1枚1室，2枚2室，花丝短，药室折曲。雌花：花萼和花冠与雄花同；子房卵形，长0.5-0.8厘米，宽0.4厘米，密被长柔毛，花柱长4-5毫米，柱头3，肾形。果实大型，近于球形或椭圆形，肉质，多汁，果皮光滑，色泽及纹饰各式。种子多数，卵形，黑色、红色，有时为白色、黄色、淡绿色或有斑纹，两面平滑，基部钝圆，通常边缘稍拱起，长1-1.5厘米，宽0.5-0.8厘米，厚1-2毫米，花果期夏季。
分布（Distribution）：原种可能来自非洲，我国南北均有栽培。
用途（Use）：本种果实为夏季之水果，果肉味甜，能降温去暑；种子含油，可作消遣食品；果皮药用，有清热、利尿、降血压之效。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 19 Page 53
Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura & Nakai, Cat. Sem. Spor. Hort. Bot. Univ. Imp. Tokyo. 30: no. 854. 1916.
西瓜 xi gua | Cucurbitaceae | Citrullus
Momordica lanata Thunberg, Prodr. Pl. Cap. 13. 1794; Citrullus colocynthis Schrader var. lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura & Nakai; C. edulis Spach; C. vulgaris Schrader ex Ecklon & Zeyher; Colocynthis citrullus (Linnaeus) Kuntze; Cucumis citrullus (Linnaeus) Seringe; Cucurbita citrullus Linnaeus.
Plants annual. Stem and branches robust, sulcate-angular, villous. Tendrils puberulent, 2-fid. Petiole 3-12 cm, densely pubescent; leaf blade white-green, triangulate-ovate, 8-20 × 5-15 cm, both surfaces hispid, 3-partite; segments lobulate, base cordate, sinus semicircular, apex acute or acuminate. Flowers solitary. Male flowers: pedicel 3-4 cm, villous; calyx tube densely villous; segments narrowly lanceolate, 2-3 mm; corolla pale yellow, 2.5-3 cm in diam.; segments ovate-oblong, 1-1.5 × 0.5-0.8 cm; stamens nearly free. Female flowers: calyx and corolla as in male flowers; ovary 5-8 mm, densely villous; stigmas 3, reniform. Fruit globose or oblong, smooth. Seeds numerous, color various, ovate, 1-1.5 × 0.5-0.8 cm. Fl. and fr. Apr-Oct.
Commonly cultivated in China [native to S Africa; cultivated in all warmer areas of the world].
The fruit are important "water fruit" in summer; the seeds contain edible oil; the fruit coat is used medicinally.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai
英文名（English Common Name）：watermelon
别名（Chinese Common Name）：寒瓜
异名（Synonym）：Cucumis citrullus (L.) Ser. Cucurbita citrullus L. Colocynthis citrullus (L.) Kuntze Momordica lanata Thunb. Citrullus vulgaris Schrad. ex Kckl. et Zeyh. Citrullus lanata (Thunb.) Mansf. Anguria citrullus Mill. Citrullus amarus Schrad. Citrullus anguria (Duchesne) H.Hara Citrullus aquosus Schur Citrullus battich Forssk. Citrullus caffer Schrad. Citrullus caffrorum Schrad. Citrullus chodospermus Falc. & Dunal Citrullus colocynthis var. capensis Alef. Citrullus colocynthis var. lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai Citrullus lanatus f. nigroseminius (Chakrav.) Maheshw. Citrullus lanatus subsp. cordophanus Ter-Avan. Citrullus lanatus subsp. mucosospermus Fursa Citrullus lanatus var. albidus (Chakrav.) Maheshw. Citrullus lanatus var. caffrorum (Alef.) Fosberg Citrullus lanatus var. capensis (Alef.) Fursa Citrullus lanatus var. cordophanus (Ter-Avan.) Fursa Citrullus lanatus var. fistulosus (Steward) Babu Citrullus lanatus var. minor (Chakrav.) Maheshw. Citrullus lanatus var. oblongus (Chakrav.) Maheshw. Citrullus lanatus var. pulcherrimus (Chakrav.) Maheshw. Citrullus lanatus var. pumilus (Chakrav.) Maheshw. Citrullus lanatus var. rotundus (Chakrav.) Maheshw. Citrullus lanatus var. senegalicus Fursa Citrullus lanatus var. shami (Chakrav.) Maheshw. Citrullus lanatus var. variegatus (Chakrav.) Maheshw. Citrullus lanatus var. virgatus (Chakrav.) Maheshw. Citrullus lanatus var. viridis (Chakrav.) Maheshw. Citrullus mucosospermus var. senegalicus (Fursa) Fursa Citrullus mucosospermus (Fursa) Fursa Citrullus pasteca Sageret Citrullus vulgaris var. caffrorum Alef. Colocynthis amarissima Schrad. Cucumis amarissimus Schrad. Cucumis dissectus Decne. Cucumis edulis Steud. Cucumis vulgaris (Schrad.) E.H.L.Krause Cucurbita anguria Duchesne Cucurbita caffra Eckl. & Zeyh. Cucurbita gigantea Salisb. Cucurbita pinnatifida Schrank
科属（Family & Genus）：葫芦科（Cucurbitaceae）西瓜属
形态特征（Description）：一年生蔓生藤本；茎、枝粗壮，具明显的棱沟，被长而密的白色或淡黄褐色长柔毛。卷须较粗壮，具短柔毛，2歧，叶柄粗，长3-12厘米，粗0.2-0.4厘米，具不明显的沟纹，密被柔毛；叶片纸质，轮廓三角状卵形，带白绿色，长8-20厘米，宽5-15厘米，两面具短硬毛，脉上和背面较多，3深裂，中裂片较长，倒卵形、长圆状披针形或披针形，顶端急尖或渐尖，裂片又羽状或二重羽状浅裂或深裂，边缘波状或有疏齿，末次裂片通常有少数浅锯齿，先端钝圆，叶片基部心形，有时形成半圆形的弯缺，弯缺宽1-2厘米，深0.5-0.8厘米。雌雄同株。雌、雄花均单生于叶腋。雄花：花梗长3-4厘米，密被黄褐色长柔毛；花萼筒宽钟形，密被长柔毛，花萼裂片狭披针形，与花萼筒近等长，长2-3毫米；花冠淡黄色，径2.5-3厘米，外面带绿色，被长柔毛，裂片卵状长圆形，长1-1.5厘米，宽0.5-0.8厘米，顶端钝或稍尖，脉黄褐色，被毛；雄蕊3，近离生，1枚1室，2枚2室，花丝短，药室折曲。雌花：花萼和花冠与雄花同；子房卵形，长0.5-0.8厘米，宽0.4厘米，密被长柔毛，花柱长4-5毫米，柱头3，肾形。果实大型，近于球形或椭圆形，肉质，多汁，果皮光滑，色泽及纹饰各式。种子多数，卵形，黑色、红色，有时为白色、黄色、淡绿色或有斑纹，两面平滑，基部钝圆，通常边缘稍拱起，长1-1.5厘米，宽0.5-0.8厘米，厚1-2毫米，花果期夏季。
分布（Distribution）：原种可能来自非洲，我国南北均有栽培。
用途（Use）：本种果实为夏季之水果，果肉味甜，能降温去暑；种子含油，可作消遣食品；果皮药用，有清热、利尿、降血压之效。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 19 Page 53
Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura & Nakai, Cat. Sem. Spor. Hort. Bot. Univ. Imp. Tokyo. 30: no. 854. 1916.
西瓜 xi gua | Cucurbitaceae | Citrullus
Momordica lanata Thunberg, Prodr. Pl. Cap. 13. 1794; Citrullus colocynthis Schrader var. lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura & Nakai; C. edulis Spach; C. vulgaris Schrader ex Ecklon & Zeyher; Colocynthis citrullus (Linnaeus) Kuntze; Cucumis citrullus (Linnaeus) Seringe; Cucurbita citrullus Linnaeus.
Plants annual. Stem and branches robust, sulcate-angular, villous. Tendrils puberulent, 2-fid. Petiole 3-12 cm, densely pubescent; leaf blade white-green, triangulate-ovate, 8-20 × 5-15 cm, both surfaces hispid, 3-partite; segments lobulate, base cordate, sinus semicircular, apex acute or acuminate. Flowers solitary. Male flowers: pedicel 3-4 cm, villous; calyx tube densely villous; segments narrowly lanceolate, 2-3 mm; corolla pale yellow, 2.5-3 cm in diam.; segments ovate-oblong, 1-1.5 × 0.5-0.8 cm; stamens nearly free. Female flowers: calyx and corolla as in male flowers; ovary 5-8 mm, densely villous; stigmas 3, reniform. Fruit globose or oblong, smooth. Seeds numerous, color various, ovate, 1-1.5 × 0.5-0.8 cm. Fl. and fr. Apr-Oct.
Commonly cultivated in China [native to S Africa; cultivated in all warmer areas of the world].
The fruit are important "water fruit" in summer; the seeds contain edible oil; the fruit coat is used medicinally.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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