文冠果Xanthoceras sorbifolium
中文名（Chinese Name）：文冠果
学名（Scientific Name）：Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge
英文名（English Common Name）：yellow-horn
别名（Chinese Common Name）：文冠花、文冠树
异名（Synonym）：Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge
科属（Family & Genus）：无患子科（Sapindaceae）文冠果属
形态特征（Description）：落叶灌木或小乔木，高2-5米；小枝粗壮，褐红色，无毛，顶芽和侧芽有覆瓦状排列的芽鳞。叶连柄长15-30厘米；小叶4-8对，膜质或纸质，披针形或近卵形，两侧稍不对称，长2.5-6厘米，宽1.2-2厘米，顶端渐尖，基部楔形，边缘有锐利锯齿，顶生小叶通常3深裂，腹面深绿色，无毛或中脉上有疏毛，背面鲜绿色，嫩时被绒毛和成束的星状毛；侧脉纤细，两面略凸起。花序先叶抽出或与叶同时抽出，两性花的花序顶生，雄花序腋生，长12-20厘米，直立，总花梗短，基部常有残存芽鳞；花梗长1.2-2厘米；苞片长0.5-1厘米；萼片长6-7毫米，两面被灰色绒毛；花瓣白色，基部紫红色或黄色，有清晰的脉纹，长约2厘米，宽7-10毫米，爪之两侧有须毛；花盘的角状附属体橙黄色，长4-5毫米；雄蕊长约1.5厘米，花丝无毛；子房被灰色绒毛。蒴果长达6厘米；种子长达1.8厘米，黑色而有光泽。花期春季，果期秋初。
分布（Distribution）：产我国北部和东北部，西至宁夏、甘肃，东北至辽宁，北至内蒙古，南至河南。野生于丘陵山坡等处。
用途（Use）：种子可食，风味似板栗。种仁含脂肪57.18％、蛋白质29.69％、淀粉9.04％、灰分2.65％，营养价值很高，是我国北方很有发展前途的木本油料植物，近年来已大量栽培。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 12 Page 6, 7
Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge, Enum. Pl. China Bor. 11. 1833.
文冠果 wen guan guo| Sapindaceae | Xanthoceras
Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, 2-5 m tall. Branches brownish red, strong, stout, glabrous; terminal buds and lateral buds with imbricate scales. Leaves with petiole 15-30 cm; leaflets 4-8-jugate, abaxially green when fresh, adaxially deep green, lanceolate or subovate, bilaterally slightly asymmetrical, 2.5-6 × 1.2-2 cm, membranous or papery, abaxially tomentose and fascicled stellate when young, adaxially glabrous or sparsely hairy on midvein, lateral veins slender, slightly prominent on both sides, base cuneate, apex acuminate, margin
sharply serrate; terminal leaflet usually deeply 3-lobed. Inflorescences terminal, male ones axillary, erect, 12-20 cm; peduncle short, often with rudimentary scales at base. Pedicels 1.2-2 cm; bracts 0.5-1 cm. Sepals 6-7 mm, grayish tomentose. Petals white, purplish red or yellow at base, ca. 2 × 0.7-1 cm, with evident veins, claw ciliate on both sides; hornlike appendage on disk orange, 4-5 mm. Stamens ca. 1.5 cm; filaments glabrous. Ovary grayish tomentose. Capsules black, shiny, ca. 1.8 cm. Fl. spring, fr. early autumn. 2n = 30.
Hills and slopes. Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi [Korea].
The seeds are edible.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge
英文名（English Common Name）：yellow-horn
别名（Chinese Common Name）：文冠花、文冠树
异名（Synonym）：Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge
科属（Family & Genus）：无患子科（Sapindaceae）文冠果属
形态特征（Description）：落叶灌木或小乔木，高2-5米；小枝粗壮，褐红色，无毛，顶芽和侧芽有覆瓦状排列的芽鳞。叶连柄长15-30厘米；小叶4-8对，膜质或纸质，披针形或近卵形，两侧稍不对称，长2.5-6厘米，宽1.2-2厘米，顶端渐尖，基部楔形，边缘有锐利锯齿，顶生小叶通常3深裂，腹面深绿色，无毛或中脉上有疏毛，背面鲜绿色，嫩时被绒毛和成束的星状毛；侧脉纤细，两面略凸起。花序先叶抽出或与叶同时抽出，两性花的花序顶生，雄花序腋生，长12-20厘米，直立，总花梗短，基部常有残存芽鳞；花梗长1.2-2厘米；苞片长0.5-1厘米；萼片长6-7毫米，两面被灰色绒毛；花瓣白色，基部紫红色或黄色，有清晰的脉纹，长约2厘米，宽7-10毫米，爪之两侧有须毛；花盘的角状附属体橙黄色，长4-5毫米；雄蕊长约1.5厘米，花丝无毛；子房被灰色绒毛。蒴果长达6厘米；种子长达1.8厘米，黑色而有光泽。花期春季，果期秋初。
分布（Distribution）：产我国北部和东北部，西至宁夏、甘肃，东北至辽宁，北至内蒙古，南至河南。野生于丘陵山坡等处。
用途（Use）：种子可食，风味似板栗。种仁含脂肪57.18％、蛋白质29.69％、淀粉9.04％、灰分2.65％，营养价值很高，是我国北方很有发展前途的木本油料植物，近年来已大量栽培。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 12 Page 6, 7
Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge, Enum. Pl. China Bor. 11. 1833.
文冠果 wen guan guo| Sapindaceae | Xanthoceras
Shrubs or small trees, deciduous, 2-5 m tall. Branches brownish red, strong, stout, glabrous; terminal buds and lateral buds with imbricate scales. Leaves with petiole 15-30 cm; leaflets 4-8-jugate, abaxially green when fresh, adaxially deep green, lanceolate or subovate, bilaterally slightly asymmetrical, 2.5-6 × 1.2-2 cm, membranous or papery, abaxially tomentose and fascicled stellate when young, adaxially glabrous or sparsely hairy on midvein, lateral veins slender, slightly prominent on both sides, base cuneate, apex acuminate, margin
sharply serrate; terminal leaflet usually deeply 3-lobed. Inflorescences terminal, male ones axillary, erect, 12-20 cm; peduncle short, often with rudimentary scales at base. Pedicels 1.2-2 cm; bracts 0.5-1 cm. Sepals 6-7 mm, grayish tomentose. Petals white, purplish red or yellow at base, ca. 2 × 0.7-1 cm, with evident veins, claw ciliate on both sides; hornlike appendage on disk orange, 4-5 mm. Stamens ca. 1.5 cm; filaments glabrous. Ovary grayish tomentose. Capsules black, shiny, ca. 1.8 cm. Fl. spring, fr. early autumn. 2n = 30.
Hills and slopes. Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi [Korea].
The seeds are edible.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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