大果山胡椒Lindera praecox
中文名（Chinese Name）：大果山胡椒
学名（Scientific Name）：Lindera praecox (Sieb. et Zucc.) Bl.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：油乌药
异名（Synonym）：Benzoin praecox Siebold et Zucc. Parabenzoin praecox (Siebold et Zucc.) Nakai
科属（Family & Genus）：樟科（Lauraceae）山胡椒属
形态特征（Description）：落叶灌木，高可达4米；树皮黑灰色。幼枝条纤细，灰青色，多皮孔，有细皱纹，当年生枝褐色，多皮孔，无毛。冬芽长角锥形，长约5毫米。叶互生，卵形或椭圆形，先端渐尖，基部宽楔形，长5=9厘米，宽2.5-4厘米，上面深绿色，下面淡绿色，无毛，羽状脉，通常每边4条，上面稍凹，下面明显凸起；叶柄长0.5-1厘米，无毛，叶冬天枯黄不落，至翌年发叶时落下。伞形花序生于叶芽两侧各一；总苞片4，外露部分无毛，红色，内有花5朵；总花梗无毛，长4-4.5毫米。雄花花被片广椭圆形，外轮长2毫米，宽约1.5毫米，内轮长1.7毫米，宽约1.3毫米，外面无毛或仅有稀疏白柔毛，内面毛较密；雄蕊近等长，无毛，第三轮雄蕊花丝基部着生二个具长柄宽肾形腺体，其形状大小多变异，退化雄蕊长角锥状。雌花花被片广椭圆形，外轮长1.5毫米，宽1毫米，内轮长1.2毫米，宽不及1毫米，外面被稀疏白柔毛，内面毛较密；退化雄蕊条形，第三轮基部着生2个具长柄肾形腺体；雌蕊子房椭圆形，长约1毫米，无毛，花柱长约为子房之半，柱头稍盘状膨大，红褐色；花梗密被白色柔毛。果球形，直径可达1.5厘米，熟时黄褐色；果梗长7-10毫米，有皮孔，向上渐增粗，果托直径近3毫米。花期3月，果期9月。
分布（Distribution）：产于浙江、安徽、湖北等省。生于低山、山坡灌丛中。
用途（Use）：
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 143, 146
Lindera praecox (Siebold & Zuccarini) Blume, Mus. Bot. 1: 324. 1851.
大果山胡椒 da guo shan hu jiao | Lauraceae | Lindera
Benzoin praecox Siebold & Zuccarini, Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): 205. 1846; Parabenzoin praecox (Siebold & Zuccarini) Nakai.
Deciduous shrubs, up to 4 m tall. Bark black-gray. Young branchlets slender, greenish gray, many lenticellate, rugose; current year branchlets brown, many lenticellate, glabrous. Winter buds corniform-conical, ca. 5 mm. Leaves alternate; petiole 0.5-1 cm, glabrous; leaf blade greenish abaxially, dark green adaxially, ovate or elliptic, 5-9 cm × 2.5-4 mm, glabrous, pinninerved, lateral veins 4 pairs, convex abaxially, slightly concave adaxially, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate. Umbels each inserted at both sides of leaf bud; peduncles glabrous, 4-4.5 mm; involucral bracts 4, red, exserted parts glabrous, 5-flowered inside. Male flowers: tepals broadly elliptic, ca. 2 × 1.5 mm in outer whorl, ca. 1.7 × 1.3 mm in inner whorl, glabrous or laxly white pubescent on outer surface, densely pubescent on inner surface; stamens equal in length, glabrous, 2-glandular at filament base in 3rd whorl; glands broadly reniform, long stipitate, various in shape and size; reduced pistil long corniform-conical. Female flowers: pedicels densely white pubescent; tepals broadly elliptic, ca. 1.5 × 1 mm in outer whorl, ca. 1.2 mm and less than 1 mm wide in inner whorl, laxly white pubescent on outer surface, rather densely pubescent on inner surface; reduced stamens fasciated, 2-glandular at filament base in 3rd whorl; glands reniform, long stipitate; ovary ellipsoid, ca. 1 mm, glabrous; style ca. 1/2 as long as ovary; stigma small, disciform, red-brown. Fruits globose, up to 1.5 cm in diam., yellow-brown at maturity; stipes 7-10 mm, lenticellate, gradually thickened toward apex; hypocarpium nearly 3 mm in diam. Fl. Mar, fr. Sep.
Thickets on hills or mountain slopes. Anhui, Hubei, Zhejiang [Japan].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Lindera praecox (Sieb. et Zucc.) Bl.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：油乌药
异名（Synonym）：Benzoin praecox Siebold et Zucc. Parabenzoin praecox (Siebold et Zucc.) Nakai
科属（Family & Genus）：樟科（Lauraceae）山胡椒属
形态特征（Description）：落叶灌木，高可达4米；树皮黑灰色。幼枝条纤细，灰青色，多皮孔，有细皱纹，当年生枝褐色，多皮孔，无毛。冬芽长角锥形，长约5毫米。叶互生，卵形或椭圆形，先端渐尖，基部宽楔形，长5=9厘米，宽2.5-4厘米，上面深绿色，下面淡绿色，无毛，羽状脉，通常每边4条，上面稍凹，下面明显凸起；叶柄长0.5-1厘米，无毛，叶冬天枯黄不落，至翌年发叶时落下。伞形花序生于叶芽两侧各一；总苞片4，外露部分无毛，红色，内有花5朵；总花梗无毛，长4-4.5毫米。雄花花被片广椭圆形，外轮长2毫米，宽约1.5毫米，内轮长1.7毫米，宽约1.3毫米，外面无毛或仅有稀疏白柔毛，内面毛较密；雄蕊近等长，无毛，第三轮雄蕊花丝基部着生二个具长柄宽肾形腺体，其形状大小多变异，退化雄蕊长角锥状。雌花花被片广椭圆形，外轮长1.5毫米，宽1毫米，内轮长1.2毫米，宽不及1毫米，外面被稀疏白柔毛，内面毛较密；退化雄蕊条形，第三轮基部着生2个具长柄肾形腺体；雌蕊子房椭圆形，长约1毫米，无毛，花柱长约为子房之半，柱头稍盘状膨大，红褐色；花梗密被白色柔毛。果球形，直径可达1.5厘米，熟时黄褐色；果梗长7-10毫米，有皮孔，向上渐增粗，果托直径近3毫米。花期3月，果期9月。
分布（Distribution）：产于浙江、安徽、湖北等省。生于低山、山坡灌丛中。
用途（Use）：
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 143, 146
Lindera praecox (Siebold & Zuccarini) Blume, Mus. Bot. 1: 324. 1851.
大果山胡椒 da guo shan hu jiao | Lauraceae | Lindera
Benzoin praecox Siebold & Zuccarini, Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): 205. 1846; Parabenzoin praecox (Siebold & Zuccarini) Nakai.
Deciduous shrubs, up to 4 m tall. Bark black-gray. Young branchlets slender, greenish gray, many lenticellate, rugose; current year branchlets brown, many lenticellate, glabrous. Winter buds corniform-conical, ca. 5 mm. Leaves alternate; petiole 0.5-1 cm, glabrous; leaf blade greenish abaxially, dark green adaxially, ovate or elliptic, 5-9 cm × 2.5-4 mm, glabrous, pinninerved, lateral veins 4 pairs, convex abaxially, slightly concave adaxially, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate. Umbels each inserted at both sides of leaf bud; peduncles glabrous, 4-4.5 mm; involucral bracts 4, red, exserted parts glabrous, 5-flowered inside. Male flowers: tepals broadly elliptic, ca. 2 × 1.5 mm in outer whorl, ca. 1.7 × 1.3 mm in inner whorl, glabrous or laxly white pubescent on outer surface, densely pubescent on inner surface; stamens equal in length, glabrous, 2-glandular at filament base in 3rd whorl; glands broadly reniform, long stipitate, various in shape and size; reduced pistil long corniform-conical. Female flowers: pedicels densely white pubescent; tepals broadly elliptic, ca. 1.5 × 1 mm in outer whorl, ca. 1.2 mm and less than 1 mm wide in inner whorl, laxly white pubescent on outer surface, rather densely pubescent on inner surface; reduced stamens fasciated, 2-glandular at filament base in 3rd whorl; glands reniform, long stipitate; ovary ellipsoid, ca. 1 mm, glabrous; style ca. 1/2 as long as ovary; stigma small, disciform, red-brown. Fruits globose, up to 1.5 cm in diam., yellow-brown at maturity; stipes 7-10 mm, lenticellate, gradually thickened toward apex; hypocarpium nearly 3 mm in diam. Fl. Mar, fr. Sep.
Thickets on hills or mountain slopes. Anhui, Hubei, Zhejiang [Japan].
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