红瑞木Cornus alba
中文名（Chinese Name）：红瑞木
学名（Scientific Name）：Cornus alba L.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：凉子木
异名（Synonym）：Swida alba (Linn.) Opiz Cornus alba subsp. tatarica (Mill.) Wangerin Cornus alba var. argenteomarginata Rehder Cornus alba var. nitida (C.K.Schneid.) Koehne Cornus alba var. sibirica Lodd. ex Loudon Cornus alba f. sibirica (Lodd. ex Loudon) Geerinck Cornus dichotoma Raf. Cornus hessei Koehne Cornus mas var. nana Dippel Cornus pumila Koehne Cornus purpurea Tausch Cornus sibirica Lodd. Cornus spaethii G.Nicholson Cornus subumbellata Komatsu Cornus tatarica var. sibirica (Lodd. ex Loudon) Koehne Cornus tatarica Mill. Swida hessei (Koehne) Soják Swida alba var. argenteomarginata (Rehder) Moldenke Swida pumila (Koehne) Soják Swida subumbellata (Komatsu) Holub Thelycrania alba (L.) Pojark.
科属（Family & Genus）：山茱萸科（Cornaceae）山茱萸属
形态特征（Description）：灌木，高达3米；树皮紫红色；幼枝有淡白色短柔毛，后即秃净而被蜡状白粉，老枝红白色，散生灰白色圆形皮孔及略为突起的环形叶痕。冬芽卵状披针形，长3-6毫米，被灰白色或淡褐色短柔毛。叶对生，纸质，椭圆形，稀卵圆形，长5-8.5厘米，宽1.8-5.5厘米，先端突尖，基部楔形或阔楔形，边缘全缘或波状反卷，上面暗绿色，有极少的白色平贴短柔毛，下面粉绿色，被白色贴生短柔毛，有时脉腋有浅褐色髯毛，中脉在上面微凹陷，下面凸起，侧脉（4-）5(-6)对，弓形内弯，在上面微凹下，下面凸出，细脉在两面微显明。伞房状聚伞花序顶生，较密，宽3厘米，被白色短柔毛；总花梗圆柱形，长1.1-2.2厘米，被淡白色短柔毛；花小，白色或淡黄白色，长5-6毫米，直径6-8.2毫米，花萼裂片4，尖三角形，长约0.1-0.2毫米，短于花盘，外侧有疏生短柔毛；花瓣4，卵状椭圆形，长3-3.8毫米，宽1.1-1.8毫米，先端急尖或短渐尖，上面无毛，下面疏生贴生短柔毛；雄蕊4，长5-5.5毫米，着生于花盘外侧，花丝线形，微扁，长4-4.3毫米，无毛，花药淡黄色，2室，卵状椭圆形，长1.1-1.3毫米，丁字形着生；花盘垫状，高约0.2-0.25毫米；花柱圆柱形，长2.1-2.5毫米，近于无毛，柱头盘状，宽于花柱，子房下位，花托倒卵形，长1.2毫米，直径1毫米，被贴生灰白色短柔毛；花梗纤细，长2-6.5毫米，被淡白色短柔毛，与子房交接处有关节。核果长圆形，微扁，长约8毫米，直径5.5-6毫米，成熟时乳白色或蓝白色，花柱宿存；核棱形，侧扁，两端稍尖呈喙状，长5毫米，宽3毫米，每侧有脉纹3条；果梗细圆柱形，长3-6毫米，有疏生短柔毛。花期6-7月；果期8-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产东北、华北、西北及华东等地，生于海拔600-1700米的杂木林或针阔叶混交林中。朝鲜、俄罗斯及欧洲也有。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 14 Page 210
Cornus alba Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. 1: 40. 1767.
红瑞木 hong rui mu | Cornaceae | Cornus
Swida alba (Linnaeus) Opiz.
Shrubs deciduous, spreading, to 3 m tall. Bark purplish red; young branches terete, pubescent with short whitish trichomes, later glabrous, glaucous; old branches reddish, with scattered grayish white rounded lenticels; leaf scars semicircular, conspicuous. Leaf blade abaxially glaucous green, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 5–8.5 × 1.8–5.5 cm, papery, veins (4 or)5(or 6), pubescent with short white appressed trichomes, axils of veins sometimes with a cluster of long brown trichomes, small veins conspicuous, base cuneate or broadly cuneate, margin entire or slightly revolute, apex acute. Corymbose cymes dense, ca. 3 cm wide, pubescent with soft white trichomes. Pedicel 2–6.5 mm, slender. Flowers white or yellowish white, 6–8.2 mm in diam. Calyx lobes sharply triangular, 0.1–0.2 mm, shorter than disk. Petals 3–3.8 × 1.1–1.8 mm. Stamens longer than petals; anthers yellowish. Style cylindrical, 2.1–2.5 mm; stigma disciform, broader than style. Fruit creamy white or bluish white at maturity, oblong-globose, laterally slightly compressed, ca. 8 mm, 5.5–6 mm in diam.; stones ± diamond-shaped, laterally compressed, ca. 5 × 3 mm, 3-ribbed on each side. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Oct.
Mixed broad-leaved and coniferous forests, mixed thickets by streams; 600–1700(–2700 m). Gansu, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong [Korea, Mongolia, Russia; Europe].
The seeds contain 30% oil, which is used industrially. Cornus alba is commonly cultivated as an ornamental.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Cornus alba L.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：凉子木
异名（Synonym）：Swida alba (Linn.) Opiz Cornus alba subsp. tatarica (Mill.) Wangerin Cornus alba var. argenteomarginata Rehder Cornus alba var. nitida (C.K.Schneid.) Koehne Cornus alba var. sibirica Lodd. ex Loudon Cornus alba f. sibirica (Lodd. ex Loudon) Geerinck Cornus dichotoma Raf. Cornus hessei Koehne Cornus mas var. nana Dippel Cornus pumila Koehne Cornus purpurea Tausch Cornus sibirica Lodd. Cornus spaethii G.Nicholson Cornus subumbellata Komatsu Cornus tatarica var. sibirica (Lodd. ex Loudon) Koehne Cornus tatarica Mill. Swida hessei (Koehne) Soják Swida alba var. argenteomarginata (Rehder) Moldenke Swida pumila (Koehne) Soják Swida subumbellata (Komatsu) Holub Thelycrania alba (L.) Pojark.
科属（Family & Genus）：山茱萸科（Cornaceae）山茱萸属
形态特征（Description）：灌木，高达3米；树皮紫红色；幼枝有淡白色短柔毛，后即秃净而被蜡状白粉，老枝红白色，散生灰白色圆形皮孔及略为突起的环形叶痕。冬芽卵状披针形，长3-6毫米，被灰白色或淡褐色短柔毛。叶对生，纸质，椭圆形，稀卵圆形，长5-8.5厘米，宽1.8-5.5厘米，先端突尖，基部楔形或阔楔形，边缘全缘或波状反卷，上面暗绿色，有极少的白色平贴短柔毛，下面粉绿色，被白色贴生短柔毛，有时脉腋有浅褐色髯毛，中脉在上面微凹陷，下面凸起，侧脉（4-）5(-6)对，弓形内弯，在上面微凹下，下面凸出，细脉在两面微显明。伞房状聚伞花序顶生，较密，宽3厘米，被白色短柔毛；总花梗圆柱形，长1.1-2.2厘米，被淡白色短柔毛；花小，白色或淡黄白色，长5-6毫米，直径6-8.2毫米，花萼裂片4，尖三角形，长约0.1-0.2毫米，短于花盘，外侧有疏生短柔毛；花瓣4，卵状椭圆形，长3-3.8毫米，宽1.1-1.8毫米，先端急尖或短渐尖，上面无毛，下面疏生贴生短柔毛；雄蕊4，长5-5.5毫米，着生于花盘外侧，花丝线形，微扁，长4-4.3毫米，无毛，花药淡黄色，2室，卵状椭圆形，长1.1-1.3毫米，丁字形着生；花盘垫状，高约0.2-0.25毫米；花柱圆柱形，长2.1-2.5毫米，近于无毛，柱头盘状，宽于花柱，子房下位，花托倒卵形，长1.2毫米，直径1毫米，被贴生灰白色短柔毛；花梗纤细，长2-6.5毫米，被淡白色短柔毛，与子房交接处有关节。核果长圆形，微扁，长约8毫米，直径5.5-6毫米，成熟时乳白色或蓝白色，花柱宿存；核棱形，侧扁，两端稍尖呈喙状，长5毫米，宽3毫米，每侧有脉纹3条；果梗细圆柱形，长3-6毫米，有疏生短柔毛。花期6-7月；果期8-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产东北、华北、西北及华东等地，生于海拔600-1700米的杂木林或针阔叶混交林中。朝鲜、俄罗斯及欧洲也有。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 14 Page 210
Cornus alba Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. 1: 40. 1767.
红瑞木 hong rui mu | Cornaceae | Cornus
Swida alba (Linnaeus) Opiz.
Shrubs deciduous, spreading, to 3 m tall. Bark purplish red; young branches terete, pubescent with short whitish trichomes, later glabrous, glaucous; old branches reddish, with scattered grayish white rounded lenticels; leaf scars semicircular, conspicuous. Leaf blade abaxially glaucous green, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 5–8.5 × 1.8–5.5 cm, papery, veins (4 or)5(or 6), pubescent with short white appressed trichomes, axils of veins sometimes with a cluster of long brown trichomes, small veins conspicuous, base cuneate or broadly cuneate, margin entire or slightly revolute, apex acute. Corymbose cymes dense, ca. 3 cm wide, pubescent with soft white trichomes. Pedicel 2–6.5 mm, slender. Flowers white or yellowish white, 6–8.2 mm in diam. Calyx lobes sharply triangular, 0.1–0.2 mm, shorter than disk. Petals 3–3.8 × 1.1–1.8 mm. Stamens longer than petals; anthers yellowish. Style cylindrical, 2.1–2.5 mm; stigma disciform, broader than style. Fruit creamy white or bluish white at maturity, oblong-globose, laterally slightly compressed, ca. 8 mm, 5.5–6 mm in diam.; stones ± diamond-shaped, laterally compressed, ca. 5 × 3 mm, 3-ribbed on each side. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Oct.
Mixed broad-leaved and coniferous forests, mixed thickets by streams; 600–1700(–2700 m). Gansu, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong [Korea, Mongolia, Russia; Europe].
The seeds contain 30% oil, which is used industrially. Cornus alba is commonly cultivated as an ornamental.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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