川滇小檗Berberis jamesiana
中文名(Chinese Name):川滇小檗
学名(Scientific Name):Berberis jamesiana Forrest et W. W. Smith
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):
异名(Synonym):Berberis nummularia var. sinica C. K. Schneid.;Berberis leucocarpa W. W. Sm.;Berberis intergerrima Franch;Berberis jamesiana var. cocarpa (W. W. Sm.) Ahrendt;Berberis jamesiana var. sepium Ahrendt;Berberis jamesiana var. leucarpa (W.W. Sm.) Ahrendt;Berberis jamesiana var. leucocarpa (W.W.Sm.) Ahrendt;Berberis jamesiana var. saepium Ahrendt
科属(Family & Genus):小檗科(Berberidaceae)小檗属
形态特征(Description):落叶灌木,高1-3米。枝圆柱形,老枝暗灰色或紫黑色,幼枝紫色,无疣点;茎刺单生或三分叉,粗状,长1.5-3.5厘米,腹面具浅槽。叶近革质,椭圆形或长圆状倒卵形,长2. 5-8厘米,宽1-4厘米,先端圆形或微凹,基部楔形,上面亮绿色,中脉微凹陷,背面灰绿色,中脉明显隆起,两面侧脉和网脉显著,无乳突,叶缘平展,全缘,或具疏细刺齿或具密细刺齿;叶柄长1-3毫米。总状花序通常由9-20朵花组成,有时可达40朵,长7-10厘米,花序下部花常轮列,光滑无毛;总梗长0. 5-3厘米;花梗细弱,长7-10毫米,无毛;花黄色;小苞片卵形,长2-2. 5毫米,宽约1. 5毫米,先端急尖;萼片2轮,外萼片长圆状倒卵形,长约3毫米,宽约2毫米,内萼片狭倒卵形,长约4. 5毫米,宽约2. 5毫米;花瓣倒卵形或狭长圆状椭圆形,长约4. 5毫米,宽约2毫米,先端缺裂,裂片急尖,基部缢缩呈爪,具2枚分离腺体;雄蕊长约3毫米,药隔延伸,先端微突尖;胚珠2枚。浆果初时乳白色,后变为亮红色,近卵球形,长约10毫米,直径7-8毫米,顶端无宿存花柱,外果皮透明,不被白粉。花期4-5月,果期6-9月。
分布(Distribution):产云南、四川及西藏,生于海拔2100-3600米的山坡、林缘或灌丛中。
用途(Use):根含小檗碱2.61%,茎皮含小檗碱5.71%,为较高含量的种类之一。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 19 Page 718, 760
Berberis jamesiana Forrest & W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh. 9: 81. 1916.
川滇小檗 chuan dian xiao bo| Berberidaceae | Berberis
Berberis integerrima Franchet, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 386. 1886, not Bunge (1843), nor K. Koch (1869); B. jamesiana var. leucocarpa (W. W. Smith) Ahrendt; B. jamesiana var. sepium Ahrendt; B. leucocarpa W. W. Smith; B. nummularia Bunge var. sinica C. K. Schneider.
Shrubs, deciduous, 1-3 m tall. Branches dark gray or purplish black, terete; shoots purple, not verruculose; spines simple or 3-fid, 1.5-3.5 cm, stout, adaxially slightly sulcate. Petiole 1-3 mm; leaf blade adaxially shiny, green, elliptic or oblong-obovate, 2.5-8 × 1-4 cm, subleathery, adaxially with obviously raised midvein, both surfaces not papillose, lateral and reticulate veins conspicuous, base cuneate, margin entire or closely spinulose, apex rounded or retuse. Inflorescence a raceme, 9-20-flowered, sometimes to 40-flowered and compound below, 7-10 cm; peduncles 0.5-3 cm. Pedicels 7-10 mm, slender, glabrous; bractlets ovate, 2-2.5 × ca. 1.5 mm, apex acute. Sepals in 2 whorls; outer sepals oblong-obovate, ca. 3 × 2 mm; inner sepals narrowly obovate, ca. 4.5 × 2.5 mm. Petals obovate or narrowly oblong-elliptic, ca. 4.5 × 2 mm, base clawed, with separate glands, apex emarginate, lobes acute. Stamens ca. 3 mm; anther connective prolonged, slightly apiculate. Ovules 2. Berry initially creamy white, finally light red, subglobose, ca. 10 × 7-8 mm, translucent, not pruinose, style not persistent. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Sep.
Thickets, forests, forest margins, riversides, mountain slopes; 2100-3600 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.
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