四叶萝芙木Rauvolfia tetraphylla

四叶萝芙木Rauvolfia tetraphylla

四叶萝芙木Rauvolfia tetraphylla

四叶萝芙木Rauvolfia tetraphylla
中文名(Chinese Name):四叶萝芙木
学名(Scientific Name):Rauvolfia tetraphylla Linn.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):
异名(Synonym): Rauvolfia hirsuta Jacq.  Rauvolfia canescens L.  Rauvolfia heterophylla Roemer & Schultes  Rauvolfia canescens var. glabra Müll. Arg.  Rauvolfia canescens var. intermedia Markgr.  Rauvolfia canescens var. tomentosa Müll. Arg.  Rauvolfia canescens var. typica Markgr.  Rauvolfia heterophylla var. puberula A. Gray  Rauvolfia hirsuta var. glabra (Müll. Arg.) Woodson  Rauvolfia latifolia var. minor Müll. Arg.  Rauvolfia odontophora Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.  Rauvolfia subpubescens L.  Rauvolfia tomentosa Jacq.
科属(Family & Genus):夹竹桃科(Apocynaceae)萝芙木属
形态特征(Description):灌木,高达1.5米;枝有微软毛到无毛,在节上及叶柄间具腺体。四叶轮生,很少3或5叶轮生,大小不等,膜质,卵圆形,卵状椭圆形,或为长圆形,急尖或钝头,基部圆形或阔楔形,最大长5-15厘米,宽2-4厘米,最小长1-4厘米,宽0.8-3.0厘米,其两面从被绒毛到无毛;侧脉弧曲,5-12对,网脉明显或不明显;叶柄长2-5毫米。花序顶生或腋生;总花梗长1-4厘米,幼时被长柔毛,老时无毛;花萼5深裂,裂片卵圆形,急尖,长约1毫米,外被长柔毛到无毛;花冠坛状,白色,花冠筒长2-3毫米,外面被长柔毛到无毛,内面近喉部被较密的长柔毛,裂片卵圆形至近圆形,长约1毫米;雄蕊5枚,内藏,着生于花冠筒喉部,花药卵圆形;花盘环状,高1.5-2毫米;子房具2个合生心皮,近球形,每室有1-2胚珠,柱头顶端头状,长约1毫米,具不明显的2细尖头。果实球形或近球形,由2个核果合生而成,直径5-8毫米,无毛,从绿色转红色,到成熟时为黑色;种子2颗,卵圆形,腹面扁平,背面凸起,具明显皱纹;胚倒而弯生。花期5月,果期5-8月。
分布(Distribution):广东、广西和云南有栽培。原产南美洲,现亚洲各地有栽培。
用途(Use):树汁作为催吐、下泻、祛痰、利尿、消肿药物原料。果实乳汁可作墨水和黑色染料。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 16 Page 158
Rauvolfia tetraphylla Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 208. 1753.
四叶萝芙木 si ye luo fu mu  | Apocynaceae  | Rauvolfia
Shrubs to 2 m tall, pubescent or tomentose when young, glabrescent with age. Leaves in whorls of 3-5; petiole 2-5 mm; leaf blade ovate, narrowly ovate, or oblong, 1-15 X 0.8-4 cm, membranous, base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex acute or obtuse; lateral veins 5-12 pairs. Peduncle 1-4 cm. Corolla white, tube urceolate, 2-3 mm, long hairy inside distal half; lobes ovate or suborbicular. Stamens inserted at corolla throat. Ovaries connate. Drupes subglobose, 5-10 mm in diam., glabrous, connate. Seeds 2. Fl. May, fr. Jun-Aug. 2n = 66.
S Guangdong, SW Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, S Yunnan [native to tropical America].
Cultivated for medicine.
The latex has been reported to be emetic, cathartic, and expectorant and is used for treating dropsy. The fruit juice is used as a substitute for ink.

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