姜黄Curcuma longa

中文名(Chinese Name):姜黄
学名(Scientific Name):Curcuma longa L.
英文名(English Common Name):common turmeric
别名(Chinese Common Name):郁金
异名(Synonym):Curcuma domestica Valeton  Amomum curcuma Jacq.  Curcuma brog Valeton  Curcuma euchroma Valeton  Curcuma ochrorhiza Valeton  Curcuma soloensis Valeton  Kua domestica Medik.  Curcuma tinctoria Guibourt
科属(Family & Genus):姜科(Zingiberaceae)姜黄属
形态特征(Description):株高1-1.5米,根茎很发达,成丛,分枝很多,椭圆形或圆柱状,橙黄色,极香;根粗壮,末端膨大呈块根。叶每株5-7片,叶片长圆形或椭圆形,长30-45 (90) 厘米,宽15-18厘米,顶端短渐尖,基部渐狭,绿色,两面均无毛;叶柄长20-45厘米。花葶由叶鞘内抽出,总花梗长12-20厘米;穗状花序圆柱状,长12-18厘米,直径4-9厘米;苞片卵形或长圆形,长3-5厘米,淡绿色,顶端钝,上部无花的较狭,顶端尖,开展,白色,边缘染淡红晕;花萼长8-12毫米,白色,具不等的钝3齿,被微柔毛;花冠淡黄色,管长达3厘米,上部膨大,裂片三角形,长1-1.5厘米,后方的1片稍较大,具细尖头;侧生退化雄蕊比唇瓣短,与花丝及唇瓣的基部相连成管状;唇瓣倒卵形,长1.2-2厘米,淡黄色,中部深黄,花药无毛,药室基部具2角状的距;子房被微毛。花期:8月。
分布(Distribution):产我国台湾、福建、广东、广西、云南、西藏等省区,东亚及东南亚广泛栽培。
用途(Use):本种和郁金的根茎均为中药材“姜黄”的商品来源,供药用,能行气破瘀,通经止痛。主治胸腹胀痛,肩臂痹痛,月经不调,闭经,跌打损伤。又可提取黄色食用染料;所含姜黄素可作分析化学试剂。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 24 Page 361 
Curcuma longa Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 2. 1753.
姜黄 jiang huang| Zingiberaceae  | Curcuma
Curcuma domestica Valeton.
Plants ca. 1 m tall. Rhizomes many branched, orange or bright yellow, cylindric, aromatic; roots tuberous at tip. Petiole 20--45 cm; leaf blade green, oblong or elliptic, 30--45(--90) × 15--18 cm, glabrous, base attenuate, apex shortly acuminate. Inflorescences terminal on pseudostems; peduncle 12--20 cm; spike cylindric, 12--18 × 4--9 cm; fertile bracts pale green, ovate or oblong, 3--5 cm, apex obtuse; coma bracts spreading, white and green, sometimes tinged reddish purple, apex acute. Calyx white, 0.8--1.2 cm, puberulent, apex unequally 3-toothed. Corolla pale yellow; tube to 3 cm; lobes deltoid, 1--1.5 cm, central one larger, apex mucronate. Lateral staminodes shorter than labellum. Labellum yellowish with central, yellow band, obovate, 1.2--2 cm. Anther spurred at base. Ovary sparsely hairy. Fl. Aug.
Cultivated. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [native origin unknown; cultivated throughout tropical Asia].
Used medicinally and for spice.
 姜黄Curcuma longa

姜黄Curcuma longa

姜黄Curcuma longa
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