对叶车前Plantago arenaria
中文名（Chinese Name）：对叶车前
学名（Scientific Name）：Plantago arenaria Waldst. et Kit.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Plantago scabra Moench Plantago indica L. Psyllium arenarium (Waldst. et Kit.) Mirb. Psyllium indicum (L.) Dumont
科属（Family & Genus）：车前科Plantaginaceae车前属Plantago
形态特征（Description）：一年生或二年生草本，高（10-）20-60厘米，具直根，无根茎，茎、叶及花序被白色短腺毛。茎直立，具多数分枝，分枝对生，节间长，有纵沟槽。叶纸质或坚纸质，对生，有时兼有三叶轮生，线形至线状披针形，长3-6 (-8)厘米，宽1-4（-5）毫米，先端渐尖，尖头微钝，边缘全缘，脉3条或仅中脉明显；基部无柄，具略扩大的短鞘，花序生于茎中部以上叶腋；花序梗长2-8厘米；穗状花序卵球形至椭圆球形，长0.7-2厘米，紧密，不间断；苞片卵形，先端具叶质长突尖，基部苞片较大，长0.5-2厘米，向上渐小，长3-4毫米。萼片具宽脉，龙骨突狭，不达顶端，背面有短腺毛及柔毛，边缘有缘毛，前对萼片倒卵形，长3-4毫米，两侧片不对称，后对萼片狭椭圆形，长2.7-3.5毫米。花冠淡褐白色，无毛，冠筒略长于萼片，具横皱，裂片狭卵形，长1.5-2毫米，于花后反折。雄蕊着生于冠筒内面近顶端，与花柱外伸，花药椭圆形，淡黄色，长1.8-2.2毫米，先端具三角形小突尖。胚珠2。蒴果椭圆形，长3.2-3.5毫米，于基部上方周裂。种子2，卵状椭圆形或椭圆形，长2.5-2.8毫米，深褐色至黑褐色，有光泽，腹面深陷成船形，边缘内卷；子叶左右向排列。花期7-8月，果期8-10月。
分布（Distribution）：辽宁、河北、江苏、浙江、广西、四川、新疆、西藏有栽培或逸生。生于砂地、草甸、路旁，海拔100-3500米。原产欧洲、北非、亚洲西南部，东达伊朗、高加索、俄罗斯西西伯利亚及哈萨克斯坦；巴基斯坦、印度、日本、澳大利亚、美国等国有栽培或归化。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 19 Page 495, 503
Plantago arenaria Waldstein & Kitaibel, Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 1: 51. 1802.
对叶车前 dui ye che qian| Plantaginaceae | Plantago
Plantago indica Linnaeus; P. psyllium Linnaeus, nom. utique rej. prop.; Psyllium arenarium (Waldstein & Kitaibel) Mirbel; P. indicum (Linnaeus) Mirbel.
Herbs, annual. Taproot tenuous. Stems, leaves, inflorescences, and sepals white glandular pubescent. Stem erect, (10-) 20-60 cm tall, branched, internode elongate. Leaves cauline, opposite, seldom in whorls of 3; petiole inconspicuous; leaf blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 3-6(-8) cm × 1-4(-5) mm, papery, veins (1 or)3, base decurrent onto petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate. Inflorescences arising from leaf axil apically from middle of stem; spikes ovoid to ellipsoid, 0.7-2 cm, densely flowered; peduncle 2-8 cm; basalmost bracts 0.5-2 cm but reduced apically, base orbicular-ovate, apex cuspidate. Sepals broadly veined, keel broad and not extending to apex; lower sepals obovate, 3-4 mm, inequilateral; upper sepals narrowly elliptic, 2.7-3.5 mm. Corolla brownish, glabrous; tube transversely rugose; lobes narrowly ovate, 1.5-2 mm, patent to reflexed. Stamens adnate to near apex of corolla tube, exserted; anthers yellow, ellipsoid, 1.8-2.2 mm. Pyxis ellipsoid, 3.2-3.5 mm, circumscissile near base, with 2 seeds. Seeds brown to blackish brown, ovoid-ellipsoid to ellipsoid, 2.5-2.8 mm, shiny, with a broad groove on ventral face; cotyledons vertical to ventral side. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 12.
Cultivated for its medicinal seeds, locally naturalized in sandy areas, meadows, and roadsides; 100-3500 m. Guangxi, Hebei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Zhejiang [native to N Africa, SW Asia, Europe, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia (W Siberia), and Tajikistan; naturalized in Australia, India, Japan, North America, and Pakistan].
Editors’ note. The name Plantago indica Linnaeus (Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 896. 1759) has been considered to be a nomenclaturally superfluous and therefore illegitimate renaming of P. psyllium Linnaeus (Sp. Pl. 1: 115. 1753). When a proposal to reject P. psyllium (Applequist, Taxon 55: 235-236. 2006) was considered by the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants (Brummitt, Taxon 58: 281. 2009), rejection as proposed was recommended but the Committee also voted that P. indica is a legitimate name.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Plantago arenaria Waldst. et Kit.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Plantago scabra Moench Plantago indica L. Psyllium arenarium (Waldst. et Kit.) Mirb. Psyllium indicum (L.) Dumont
科属（Family & Genus）：车前科Plantaginaceae车前属Plantago
形态特征（Description）：一年生或二年生草本，高（10-）20-60厘米，具直根，无根茎，茎、叶及花序被白色短腺毛。茎直立，具多数分枝，分枝对生，节间长，有纵沟槽。叶纸质或坚纸质，对生，有时兼有三叶轮生，线形至线状披针形，长3-6 (-8)厘米，宽1-4（-5）毫米，先端渐尖，尖头微钝，边缘全缘，脉3条或仅中脉明显；基部无柄，具略扩大的短鞘，花序生于茎中部以上叶腋；花序梗长2-8厘米；穗状花序卵球形至椭圆球形，长0.7-2厘米，紧密，不间断；苞片卵形，先端具叶质长突尖，基部苞片较大，长0.5-2厘米，向上渐小，长3-4毫米。萼片具宽脉，龙骨突狭，不达顶端，背面有短腺毛及柔毛，边缘有缘毛，前对萼片倒卵形，长3-4毫米，两侧片不对称，后对萼片狭椭圆形，长2.7-3.5毫米。花冠淡褐白色，无毛，冠筒略长于萼片，具横皱，裂片狭卵形，长1.5-2毫米，于花后反折。雄蕊着生于冠筒内面近顶端，与花柱外伸，花药椭圆形，淡黄色，长1.8-2.2毫米，先端具三角形小突尖。胚珠2。蒴果椭圆形，长3.2-3.5毫米，于基部上方周裂。种子2，卵状椭圆形或椭圆形，长2.5-2.8毫米，深褐色至黑褐色，有光泽，腹面深陷成船形，边缘内卷；子叶左右向排列。花期7-8月，果期8-10月。
分布（Distribution）：辽宁、河北、江苏、浙江、广西、四川、新疆、西藏有栽培或逸生。生于砂地、草甸、路旁，海拔100-3500米。原产欧洲、北非、亚洲西南部，东达伊朗、高加索、俄罗斯西西伯利亚及哈萨克斯坦；巴基斯坦、印度、日本、澳大利亚、美国等国有栽培或归化。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 19 Page 495, 503
Plantago arenaria Waldstein & Kitaibel, Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 1: 51. 1802.
对叶车前 dui ye che qian| Plantaginaceae | Plantago
Plantago indica Linnaeus; P. psyllium Linnaeus, nom. utique rej. prop.; Psyllium arenarium (Waldstein & Kitaibel) Mirbel; P. indicum (Linnaeus) Mirbel.
Herbs, annual. Taproot tenuous. Stems, leaves, inflorescences, and sepals white glandular pubescent. Stem erect, (10-) 20-60 cm tall, branched, internode elongate. Leaves cauline, opposite, seldom in whorls of 3; petiole inconspicuous; leaf blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 3-6(-8) cm × 1-4(-5) mm, papery, veins (1 or)3, base decurrent onto petiole, margin entire, apex acuminate. Inflorescences arising from leaf axil apically from middle of stem; spikes ovoid to ellipsoid, 0.7-2 cm, densely flowered; peduncle 2-8 cm; basalmost bracts 0.5-2 cm but reduced apically, base orbicular-ovate, apex cuspidate. Sepals broadly veined, keel broad and not extending to apex; lower sepals obovate, 3-4 mm, inequilateral; upper sepals narrowly elliptic, 2.7-3.5 mm. Corolla brownish, glabrous; tube transversely rugose; lobes narrowly ovate, 1.5-2 mm, patent to reflexed. Stamens adnate to near apex of corolla tube, exserted; anthers yellow, ellipsoid, 1.8-2.2 mm. Pyxis ellipsoid, 3.2-3.5 mm, circumscissile near base, with 2 seeds. Seeds brown to blackish brown, ovoid-ellipsoid to ellipsoid, 2.5-2.8 mm, shiny, with a broad groove on ventral face; cotyledons vertical to ventral side. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 12.
Cultivated for its medicinal seeds, locally naturalized in sandy areas, meadows, and roadsides; 100-3500 m. Guangxi, Hebei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Zhejiang [native to N Africa, SW Asia, Europe, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia (W Siberia), and Tajikistan; naturalized in Australia, India, Japan, North America, and Pakistan].
Editors’ note. The name Plantago indica Linnaeus (Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 896. 1759) has been considered to be a nomenclaturally superfluous and therefore illegitimate renaming of P. psyllium Linnaeus (Sp. Pl. 1: 115. 1753). When a proposal to reject P. psyllium (Applequist, Taxon 55: 235-236. 2006) was considered by the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants (Brummitt, Taxon 58: 281. 2009), rejection as proposed was recommended but the Committee also voted that P. indica is a legitimate name.
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