大叶铁线莲Clematis heracleifolia
中文名（Chinese Name）：大叶铁线莲
学名（Scientific Name）：Clematis heracleifolia DC.
英文名（English Common Name）：hyacinth-flower clematis
别名（Chinese Common Name）：木通花
异名（Synonym）：Clematis heracleifolia var. davidiana (Decne. ex Verl.) Kuntze Clematis heracleifolia var. ichangensis Rehder et E. H. Wilson Clematis davidiana Decne. ex Verl. Clematis tubulosa var. davidiana (Decne. ex Verl.) Franch. Clematis heracleifolia f. albicalyx D.Z.Lu Clematis heracleifolia f. rosea (Nakai) W.Lee Clematis heracleifolia subsp. davidiana (Decne. ex Verl.) Kuntze Clematis heracleifolia var. hookeri (Decne.) Makino Clematis heracleifolia var. tubulosa (Turcz.) Kuntze Clematis hookeri Decne. Clematis tubulosa f. albicalyx (D.Z.Lu) W.T.Wang Clematis tubulosa var. hookeri (Decne.) Hook. f. Clematis tubulosa var. ichangensis (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) W.T.Wang Clematis tubulosa var. rosea Nakai
科属（Family & Genus）：毛茛科（Ranunculaceae）铁线莲属
形态特征（Description）：直立草本或半灌木。高约0.3-1米，有粗大的主根，木质化，表面棕黄色。茎粗壮，有明显的纵条纹，密生白色糙绒毛。三出复叶；小叶片亚革质或厚纸质，卵圆形，宽卵圆形至近于圆形，长6-10厘米，宽3-9厘米，顶端短尖基部圆形或楔形，有时偏斜，边缘有不整齐的粗锯齿，齿尖有短尖头，上面暗绿色，近于无毛，下面有曲柔毛，尤以叶脉上为多，主脉及侧脉在上面平坦，在下面显著隆起；叶柄粗壮，长达15厘米，被毛；顶生小叶柄长，侧生者短。聚伞花序顶生或腋生，花梗粗壮，有淡白色的糙绒毛，每花下有一枚线状披针形的苞片；花杂性，雄花与两性花异株；花直径2-3厘米，花萼下半部呈管状，顶端常反卷；萼片4枚，蓝紫色，长椭圆形至宽线形，常在反卷部分增宽，长1.5-2厘米，宽5毫米，内面无毛，外面有白色厚绢状短柔毛，边缘密生白色绒毛；雄蕊长约1厘米，花丝线形，无毛，花药线形与花丝等长，药隔疏生长柔毛；心皮被白色绢状毛。瘦果卵圆形，两面凸起，长约4毫米，红棕色，被短柔毛，宿存花柱丝状，长达3厘米，有白色长柔毛。花期8月至9月，果期10月。
分布（Distribution）：分布于湖南、湖北、陕西、河南、安徽、浙江、江苏、山东、河北、山西、辽宁、吉林，常生于山坡沟谷、林边及路旁的灌丛中。日本、朝鲜也有分布。
用途（Use）：全草及根供药用，有祛风除湿、解毒消肿的作用。治风湿关节痛、结核性溃疡、瘘管（山东）。种子可榨油，含油量14.5%，供油漆用（秦岭植物志）。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 6 Page 370
Clematis heracleifolia de Candolle, Syst. Nat. 1: 138. 1817.
大叶铁线莲 da ye tie xian lian| Ranunculaceae | Clematis
Clematis davidiana Decaisne ex Verlot; C. heracleifolia var. davidiana (Decaisne ex Verlot) Kuntze; C. heracleifolia var. ichangensis Rehder & E. H. Wilson; C. tubulosa Turczaninov; C. tubulosa var. davidiana (Decaisne ex Verlot) Franchet.
Subshrubs or perennial herbs, 30--100 cm tall. Stems usually branched; branches 6--10-grooved, appressed puberulous, glabrescent. Leaves ternate; petiole 2.5--14 cm, puberulous; leaflet blades broadly ovate, pentagonal, suborbicular, elliptic, or ovate, 2.5--16 × 2.5--14 cm, papery, often 3-lobed, both surfaces appressed puberulous, glabrescent, abaxially often reticulate, base truncate, rounded, or broadly cuneate, margin incised to dentate, apex short acuminate to acute; basal veins abaxially prominent. Compound cymes terminal or axillary, 7- to many flowered, often paniclelike; peduncle 4--8 cm, densely puberulous; bracts petiolate, pentagonal to broadly ovate, 1--3.5 cm, 3-parted or -sect. Flowers polygamous, ca. 1.5 cm in diam. Pedicel 0.8--3.5 cm, densely puberulous to velutinous. Sepals 4, blue to purple, erect, narrowly oblong to spatulate-oblong, 1.5--2.4 × 0.3--0.7 cm, slightly widened toward apex, abaxially densely appressed sericeous-puberulous to velutinous, adaxially glabrous, apex obtuse and recurved. Stamens 0.9--1.1 cm; filaments apically with a few short hairs; anthers linear, 3.2--5 mm, abaxially pilose on connective, apex with a 0.2--0.5 mm apicula. Ovaries puberulous. Style 3--4 mm, densely villous. Achenes elliptic, 3--5 × 2--2.8 mm, puberulous; persistent style ca. 2.5 cm, plumose. Fl. Aug--Sep, fr. Oct.
Forest margins, scrub; 300--2000 m. Anhui, NE Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, NW Hunan, Jiangsu, E Jilin, Liaoning, S Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, NW Zhejiang [Korea].
（责任编辑：duckuly）
学名（Scientific Name）：Clematis heracleifolia DC.
英文名（English Common Name）：hyacinth-flower clematis
别名（Chinese Common Name）：木通花
异名（Synonym）：Clematis heracleifolia var. davidiana (Decne. ex Verl.) Kuntze Clematis heracleifolia var. ichangensis Rehder et E. H. Wilson Clematis davidiana Decne. ex Verl. Clematis tubulosa var. davidiana (Decne. ex Verl.) Franch. Clematis heracleifolia f. albicalyx D.Z.Lu Clematis heracleifolia f. rosea (Nakai) W.Lee Clematis heracleifolia subsp. davidiana (Decne. ex Verl.) Kuntze Clematis heracleifolia var. hookeri (Decne.) Makino Clematis heracleifolia var. tubulosa (Turcz.) Kuntze Clematis hookeri Decne. Clematis tubulosa f. albicalyx (D.Z.Lu) W.T.Wang Clematis tubulosa var. hookeri (Decne.) Hook. f. Clematis tubulosa var. ichangensis (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) W.T.Wang Clematis tubulosa var. rosea Nakai
科属（Family & Genus）：毛茛科（Ranunculaceae）铁线莲属
形态特征（Description）：直立草本或半灌木。高约0.3-1米，有粗大的主根，木质化，表面棕黄色。茎粗壮，有明显的纵条纹，密生白色糙绒毛。三出复叶；小叶片亚革质或厚纸质，卵圆形，宽卵圆形至近于圆形，长6-10厘米，宽3-9厘米，顶端短尖基部圆形或楔形，有时偏斜，边缘有不整齐的粗锯齿，齿尖有短尖头，上面暗绿色，近于无毛，下面有曲柔毛，尤以叶脉上为多，主脉及侧脉在上面平坦，在下面显著隆起；叶柄粗壮，长达15厘米，被毛；顶生小叶柄长，侧生者短。聚伞花序顶生或腋生，花梗粗壮，有淡白色的糙绒毛，每花下有一枚线状披针形的苞片；花杂性，雄花与两性花异株；花直径2-3厘米，花萼下半部呈管状，顶端常反卷；萼片4枚，蓝紫色，长椭圆形至宽线形，常在反卷部分增宽，长1.5-2厘米，宽5毫米，内面无毛，外面有白色厚绢状短柔毛，边缘密生白色绒毛；雄蕊长约1厘米，花丝线形，无毛，花药线形与花丝等长，药隔疏生长柔毛；心皮被白色绢状毛。瘦果卵圆形，两面凸起，长约4毫米，红棕色，被短柔毛，宿存花柱丝状，长达3厘米，有白色长柔毛。花期8月至9月，果期10月。
分布（Distribution）：分布于湖南、湖北、陕西、河南、安徽、浙江、江苏、山东、河北、山西、辽宁、吉林，常生于山坡沟谷、林边及路旁的灌丛中。日本、朝鲜也有分布。
用途（Use）：全草及根供药用，有祛风除湿、解毒消肿的作用。治风湿关节痛、结核性溃疡、瘘管（山东）。种子可榨油，含油量14.5%，供油漆用（秦岭植物志）。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 6 Page 370
Clematis heracleifolia de Candolle, Syst. Nat. 1: 138. 1817.
大叶铁线莲 da ye tie xian lian| Ranunculaceae | Clematis
Clematis davidiana Decaisne ex Verlot; C. heracleifolia var. davidiana (Decaisne ex Verlot) Kuntze; C. heracleifolia var. ichangensis Rehder & E. H. Wilson; C. tubulosa Turczaninov; C. tubulosa var. davidiana (Decaisne ex Verlot) Franchet.
Subshrubs or perennial herbs, 30--100 cm tall. Stems usually branched; branches 6--10-grooved, appressed puberulous, glabrescent. Leaves ternate; petiole 2.5--14 cm, puberulous; leaflet blades broadly ovate, pentagonal, suborbicular, elliptic, or ovate, 2.5--16 × 2.5--14 cm, papery, often 3-lobed, both surfaces appressed puberulous, glabrescent, abaxially often reticulate, base truncate, rounded, or broadly cuneate, margin incised to dentate, apex short acuminate to acute; basal veins abaxially prominent. Compound cymes terminal or axillary, 7- to many flowered, often paniclelike; peduncle 4--8 cm, densely puberulous; bracts petiolate, pentagonal to broadly ovate, 1--3.5 cm, 3-parted or -sect. Flowers polygamous, ca. 1.5 cm in diam. Pedicel 0.8--3.5 cm, densely puberulous to velutinous. Sepals 4, blue to purple, erect, narrowly oblong to spatulate-oblong, 1.5--2.4 × 0.3--0.7 cm, slightly widened toward apex, abaxially densely appressed sericeous-puberulous to velutinous, adaxially glabrous, apex obtuse and recurved. Stamens 0.9--1.1 cm; filaments apically with a few short hairs; anthers linear, 3.2--5 mm, abaxially pilose on connective, apex with a 0.2--0.5 mm apicula. Ovaries puberulous. Style 3--4 mm, densely villous. Achenes elliptic, 3--5 × 2--2.8 mm, puberulous; persistent style ca. 2.5 cm, plumose. Fl. Aug--Sep, fr. Oct.
Forest margins, scrub; 300--2000 m. Anhui, NE Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, NW Hunan, Jiangsu, E Jilin, Liaoning, S Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, NW Zhejiang [Korea].
（责任编辑：duckuly）
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