花菱草Eschscholzia californica
中文名（Chinese Name）：花菱草
学名（Scientific Name）：Eschscholzia californica Cham.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：金英花
异名（Synonym）：Eschscholtzia californica Cham. Chelidonium multifidum Mo?. & Sessé ex DC. Chryseis caespitosa Torr. & A.Gray Chryseis californica (Cham.) Lindl. Chryseis compacta Lindl. Chryseis crocea Lindl. Chryseis douglasii Hook. & Arn. ex Torr. & A.Gray Chryseis hypecoides Torr. & A.Gray Chryseis tenuifolia Torr. & A.Gray Eschscholzia brandegeei Greene Eschscholzia californica var. ambigua (Greene) Jeps. Eschscholzia californica var. compacta (Lindl.) Jeps. Eschscholzia californica var. crocea (Benth.) Jeps. Eschscholzia californica var. douglasii (Hook. & Arn. ex Torr. & A.Gray) Jeps. Eschscholzia californica var. luxurians Fedde Eschscholzia californica var. maritima (Greene) Jeps. Eschscholzia californica var. peninsularis (Greene) Munz Eschscholzia californica var. stricta (Greene) Jeps. Eschscholzia calosperma Greene Eschscholzia chartacea Fedde Eschscholzia clevelandi Greene Eschscholzia cognata Greene Eschscholzia columbiana Greene Eschscholzia compacta (Lindl.) Walp. Eschscholzia confinis Greene Eschscholzia crocea var. apiifolia Greene Eschscholzia crocea var. longissima Greene Eschscholzia crocea var. sanctarum (Greene) Fedde Eschscholzia crocea Benth. Eschscholzia cucullata Greene Eschscholzia cyathifera Greene Eschscholzia debilis Greene Eschscholzia diversiloba Greene Eschscholzia absinthiifolia Greene Eschscholzia ambigua Greene Eschscholzia angularis Greene Eschscholzia apiculata Greene Eschscholzia benedicta Greene Eschscholzia bernardina var. coarctata Fedde Eschscholzia bernardina Greene Eschscholzia biolettii Greene Eschscholzia eastwoodiae Greene Eschscholzia floribunda var. gorgonica Greene Eschscholzia floribunda var. gracillima Fedde Eschscholzia floribunda Greene Eschscholzia foeniculacea Greene Eschscholzia glauca Greene Eschscholzia granulata var. minuscula Fedde Eschscholzia granulata Greene Eschscholzia helleriana var. tilingii Fedde Eschscholzia helleriana Greene Eschscholzia inflata Greene Eschscholzia isostigma Greene Eschscholzia juncea Greene Eschscholzia lacera Greene Eschscholzia leptandra Greene Eschscholzia leptomitra Greene Eschscholzia leucosticta Greene Eschscholzia marcida var. monticola Greene Eschscholzia marcida Greene Eschscholzia maritima Greene Eschscholzia menziesiana var. anemophila Greene Eschscholzia menziesiana var. coarctata Fedde Eschscholzia menziesiana var. nesiaca Fedde Eschscholzia menziesiana var. recedens Greene Eschscholzia menziesiana Greene Eschscholzia microloba Greene Eschscholzia nitrophila Greene Eschscholzia oregana Greene Eschscholzia peninsularis Greene Eschscholzia physodes Greene Eschscholzia picta Greene Eschscholzia pseudoinflata Fedde Eschscholzia recta Greene Eschscholzia revoluta var. caudatocalyx Fedde Eschscholzia revoluta Greene Eschscholzia rigida Greene Eschscholzia robusta Greene Eschscholzia rosea auct. Eschscholzia sanctarum Greene Eschscholzia scariosa var. dichasiophora Fedde Eschscholzia scariosa Greene Eschscholzia setchellii Fedde Eschscholzia shastensis Greene Eschscholzia straminea Greene Eschscholzia stricta Greene Eschscholzia tenuisecta Greene Eschscholzia thermophila Greene Eschscholzia tristis Fedde Eschscholzia vernalis Greene Eschscholzia xylorrhiza Greene Eschscholzia yainacensis var. modocensis Fedde Eschscholzia yainacensis Greene Omonoia californica Raf.
科属（Family & Genus）：罂粟科（Papaveraceae）花菱草属
形态特征（Description）：多年生（栽培者常为一年生）草本，无毛，植株带蓝灰色。茎直立，高30-60厘米，明显具纵肋，分枝多，开展，呈二歧状。基生叶数枚，长10-30厘米，叶柄长，叶片灰绿色，多回三出羽状细裂，裂片形状多变，线形锐尖、长圆形锐尖或钝、匙状长圆形，顶生3裂片中，中裂片大多较宽和短；茎生叶与基生叶同，但较小和具短柄。花单生于茎和分枝顶端；花梗长5-15厘米，花托凹陷，漏斗状或近管状，长3-4毫米，花开后成杯状，边缘波状反折；花萼卵珠形，长约1厘米，顶端呈短圆锥状，萼片2,花期脱落；花瓣4，三角状扇形，长2.5-3厘米，黄色，基部具橙黄色斑点；雄蕊多数，约40枚以上，花丝丝状，基部加宽，长约3毫米，花药条形，长5-6毫米，橙黄色；子房狭长，花柱短，柱头4，钻状线形，不等长。蒴果狭长圆柱形，长达5-8厘米，自花托上脱落后，2瓣自基部向上开裂，具多数种子。种子球形，直径1-1.5毫米，具明显的网纹。花期4-8月，果期6-9月。
分布（Distribution）：原产美国加利福尼亚州，我国广泛引种作庭园观赏植物。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 281
Eschscholzia californica Chamisso in Nees, Horae Phys. Berol. 73. 1820.
花菱草 hua ling cao| Papaveraceae | Eschscholzia
Herbs, annual or short-lived perennial, glaucous, glabrous. Stems erect to spreading, 30-60 cm, obviously longitudinally costate, with many branches spreading, dichotomous. Basal leaves several, 10-30 cm, petiolate; blade tripinnatipartite; lobes various, acutely linear, acutely oblong, or obtusely spatulate-oblong, with 3 terminal lobes, middle mostly broad and short. Cauline leaves similar to basal leaves, but progressively smaller and shortly petiolate. Flowers solitary, terminal. Pedicel 5-15 cm. Receptacles concave, funnelform or nearly tubular, 3-4 mm in diam., cupular after flowering, margin undulately re- flexed. Calyx ovoid, ca. 1 cm, apically shortly conical, caplike. Petals 4, yellow, sometimes with orange flecks at base, deltoid-flabellate, 2.5-3 cm. Stamens many, more than 40; filaments filiform, basally inflated, ca. 3 mm; anthers orange, linear, 5-6 mm. Ovary long, narrow; styles short; stigmas 4, subulate-linear, unequally long. Capsule narrowly terete, 5-8 cm. Seeds spherical, 1-1.5 mm in diam., obviously tessellate. Fl. Apr-Aug, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 12.
Widely introduced as courtyard ornamentals in China [native to United States (California)].
This species is widely cultivated in temperate and Mediterranean-type gardens. Cultivated forms include those with single and semi-double flowers in a wide range of colors from white and cream to yellow, orange, red, pink, and purple.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Eschscholzia californica Cham.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：金英花
异名（Synonym）：Eschscholtzia californica Cham. Chelidonium multifidum Mo?. & Sessé ex DC. Chryseis caespitosa Torr. & A.Gray Chryseis californica (Cham.) Lindl. Chryseis compacta Lindl. Chryseis crocea Lindl. Chryseis douglasii Hook. & Arn. ex Torr. & A.Gray Chryseis hypecoides Torr. & A.Gray Chryseis tenuifolia Torr. & A.Gray Eschscholzia brandegeei Greene Eschscholzia californica var. ambigua (Greene) Jeps. Eschscholzia californica var. compacta (Lindl.) Jeps. Eschscholzia californica var. crocea (Benth.) Jeps. Eschscholzia californica var. douglasii (Hook. & Arn. ex Torr. & A.Gray) Jeps. Eschscholzia californica var. luxurians Fedde Eschscholzia californica var. maritima (Greene) Jeps. Eschscholzia californica var. peninsularis (Greene) Munz Eschscholzia californica var. stricta (Greene) Jeps. Eschscholzia calosperma Greene Eschscholzia chartacea Fedde Eschscholzia clevelandi Greene Eschscholzia cognata Greene Eschscholzia columbiana Greene Eschscholzia compacta (Lindl.) Walp. Eschscholzia confinis Greene Eschscholzia crocea var. apiifolia Greene Eschscholzia crocea var. longissima Greene Eschscholzia crocea var. sanctarum (Greene) Fedde Eschscholzia crocea Benth. Eschscholzia cucullata Greene Eschscholzia cyathifera Greene Eschscholzia debilis Greene Eschscholzia diversiloba Greene Eschscholzia absinthiifolia Greene Eschscholzia ambigua Greene Eschscholzia angularis Greene Eschscholzia apiculata Greene Eschscholzia benedicta Greene Eschscholzia bernardina var. coarctata Fedde Eschscholzia bernardina Greene Eschscholzia biolettii Greene Eschscholzia eastwoodiae Greene Eschscholzia floribunda var. gorgonica Greene Eschscholzia floribunda var. gracillima Fedde Eschscholzia floribunda Greene Eschscholzia foeniculacea Greene Eschscholzia glauca Greene Eschscholzia granulata var. minuscula Fedde Eschscholzia granulata Greene Eschscholzia helleriana var. tilingii Fedde Eschscholzia helleriana Greene Eschscholzia inflata Greene Eschscholzia isostigma Greene Eschscholzia juncea Greene Eschscholzia lacera Greene Eschscholzia leptandra Greene Eschscholzia leptomitra Greene Eschscholzia leucosticta Greene Eschscholzia marcida var. monticola Greene Eschscholzia marcida Greene Eschscholzia maritima Greene Eschscholzia menziesiana var. anemophila Greene Eschscholzia menziesiana var. coarctata Fedde Eschscholzia menziesiana var. nesiaca Fedde Eschscholzia menziesiana var. recedens Greene Eschscholzia menziesiana Greene Eschscholzia microloba Greene Eschscholzia nitrophila Greene Eschscholzia oregana Greene Eschscholzia peninsularis Greene Eschscholzia physodes Greene Eschscholzia picta Greene Eschscholzia pseudoinflata Fedde Eschscholzia recta Greene Eschscholzia revoluta var. caudatocalyx Fedde Eschscholzia revoluta Greene Eschscholzia rigida Greene Eschscholzia robusta Greene Eschscholzia rosea auct. Eschscholzia sanctarum Greene Eschscholzia scariosa var. dichasiophora Fedde Eschscholzia scariosa Greene Eschscholzia setchellii Fedde Eschscholzia shastensis Greene Eschscholzia straminea Greene Eschscholzia stricta Greene Eschscholzia tenuisecta Greene Eschscholzia thermophila Greene Eschscholzia tristis Fedde Eschscholzia vernalis Greene Eschscholzia xylorrhiza Greene Eschscholzia yainacensis var. modocensis Fedde Eschscholzia yainacensis Greene Omonoia californica Raf.
科属（Family & Genus）：罂粟科（Papaveraceae）花菱草属
形态特征（Description）：多年生（栽培者常为一年生）草本，无毛，植株带蓝灰色。茎直立，高30-60厘米，明显具纵肋，分枝多，开展，呈二歧状。基生叶数枚，长10-30厘米，叶柄长，叶片灰绿色，多回三出羽状细裂，裂片形状多变，线形锐尖、长圆形锐尖或钝、匙状长圆形，顶生3裂片中，中裂片大多较宽和短；茎生叶与基生叶同，但较小和具短柄。花单生于茎和分枝顶端；花梗长5-15厘米，花托凹陷，漏斗状或近管状，长3-4毫米，花开后成杯状，边缘波状反折；花萼卵珠形，长约1厘米，顶端呈短圆锥状，萼片2,花期脱落；花瓣4，三角状扇形，长2.5-3厘米，黄色，基部具橙黄色斑点；雄蕊多数，约40枚以上，花丝丝状，基部加宽，长约3毫米，花药条形，长5-6毫米，橙黄色；子房狭长，花柱短，柱头4，钻状线形，不等长。蒴果狭长圆柱形，长达5-8厘米，自花托上脱落后，2瓣自基部向上开裂，具多数种子。种子球形，直径1-1.5毫米，具明显的网纹。花期4-8月，果期6-9月。
分布（Distribution）：原产美国加利福尼亚州，我国广泛引种作庭园观赏植物。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 281
Eschscholzia californica Chamisso in Nees, Horae Phys. Berol. 73. 1820.
花菱草 hua ling cao| Papaveraceae | Eschscholzia
Herbs, annual or short-lived perennial, glaucous, glabrous. Stems erect to spreading, 30-60 cm, obviously longitudinally costate, with many branches spreading, dichotomous. Basal leaves several, 10-30 cm, petiolate; blade tripinnatipartite; lobes various, acutely linear, acutely oblong, or obtusely spatulate-oblong, with 3 terminal lobes, middle mostly broad and short. Cauline leaves similar to basal leaves, but progressively smaller and shortly petiolate. Flowers solitary, terminal. Pedicel 5-15 cm. Receptacles concave, funnelform or nearly tubular, 3-4 mm in diam., cupular after flowering, margin undulately re- flexed. Calyx ovoid, ca. 1 cm, apically shortly conical, caplike. Petals 4, yellow, sometimes with orange flecks at base, deltoid-flabellate, 2.5-3 cm. Stamens many, more than 40; filaments filiform, basally inflated, ca. 3 mm; anthers orange, linear, 5-6 mm. Ovary long, narrow; styles short; stigmas 4, subulate-linear, unequally long. Capsule narrowly terete, 5-8 cm. Seeds spherical, 1-1.5 mm in diam., obviously tessellate. Fl. Apr-Aug, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 12.
Widely introduced as courtyard ornamentals in China [native to United States (California)].
This species is widely cultivated in temperate and Mediterranean-type gardens. Cultivated forms include those with single and semi-double flowers in a wide range of colors from white and cream to yellow, orange, red, pink, and purple.
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