紫苜蓿Medicago sativa
中文名（Chinese Name）：紫苜蓿
学名（Scientific Name）：Medicago sativa L.
英文名（English Common Name）：alfalfa
别名（Chinese Common Name）：苜蓿
异名（Synonym）： Medicago asiatica subsp. sinensis Sinskaya Medicago beipinensis Vassilcz. Medicago afghanica Vassilcz. Medicago tibetana (Alef.) Vassilcz. Trigonella upendrae H.J.Chowdhery & R.R.Rao Medicago praesativa Sinskaya Medicago sogdiana (Brand)Vassilcz. Medicago polia (Brand)Vassilcz. Medicago orientalis Vassilcz. Medicago mesopotamica Vassilcz. Medicago ladak Vassilcz. Medicago afganica (Bordere)Vassilcz. Medicago grandiflora (Grossh.)Vassilcz.
科属（Family & Genus）：蝶形花科,Fabaceae苜蓿属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，高30-100厘米。根粗壮，深入土层，根颈发达。茎直立、丛生以至平卧，四棱形，无毛或微被柔毛，枝叶茂盛。羽状三出复叶；托叶大，卵状披针形，先端锐尖，基部全缘或具1-2齿裂，脉纹清晰；叶柄比小叶短；小叶长卵形、倒长卵形至线状卵形，等大，或顶生小叶稍大，长 (5) 10-25 (-40) 毫米，宽3-10毫米，纸质，先端钝圆，具由中脉伸出的长齿尖，基部狭窄，楔形，边缘三分之一以上具锯齿，上面无毛，深绿色，下面被贴伏柔毛，侧脉8-10对，与中脉成锐角，在近叶边处略有分叉；顶生小叶柄比侧生小叶柄略长。花序总状或头状，长1-2.5厘米，具花5-30朵；总花梗挺直，比叶长；苞片线状锥形，比花梗长或等长；花长6-12毫米；花梗短，长约2毫米；萼钟形，长3-5毫米，萼齿线状锥形，比萼筒长，被贴伏柔毛；花冠各色：淡黄、深蓝至暗紫色，花瓣均具长瓣柄，旗瓣长圆形，先端微凹，明显较翼瓣和龙骨瓣长，翼瓣较龙骨瓣稍长；子房线形，具柔毛，花柱短阔，上端细尖，柱头点状，胚珠多数。荚果螺旋状紧卷2-4 (-6) 圈，中央无孔或近无孔，径5-9毫米，被柔毛或渐脱落，脉纹细，不清晰，熟时棕色；有种子10-20粒。种子卵形，长1-2.5毫米，平滑，黄色或棕色。花期5-7月，果期6-8月。
分布（Distribution）：全国各地都有栽培或呈半野生状态，生于田边、路旁、旷野、草原、河岸及沟谷等地。欧亚大陆和世界各国广泛种植。
用途（Use）：
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 10 Page 553, 556
Medicago sativa Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 778. 1753.
紫苜蓿 zi mu xu| Fabaceae | Medicago
Medicago afghanica Vassilczenko; M. alaschanica Vassilczenko; M. asiatica Sinskaya subsp. sinensis Sinskaya; M. beipinensis Vassilczenko; M. pekinensis Vassilczenko; M. rivularis Vassilczenko; M. roborovskii Vassilczenko; M. sativa var. tibetana Alefeld; M. tibetana (Alefeld) Vassilczenko.
Perennial herbs, 30-100 cm. Stems erect, ascending, rarely prostrate, quadrangular, glabrous or puberulent, much branched. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, base entire or with 1 or 2 denticles, apex acute; leaflets long ovate, obovate, to linear-ovate, (5-)10-25(-40) × 3-10 mm, papery, appressed pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, lateral veins 8-10 pairs, base tapering, margin serrulate in upper 1/3, apex rounded, mucronate with a denticle from midrib. Heads or racemes with 5-30 flowers, 1-2.5 cm; peduncles straight, longer than leaves; bracts equal to pedicels, ca. 2 mm. Corolla variable in color, white, deep blue, to dark purple; standard oblong, retuse. Ovary linear; ovules numerous. Legume tightly coiled in 2-4(-6) spirals, 5-9 mm in diam., center solid or nearly so, brown when ripe, veins thin and inconspicuous. Seeds 10-20, yellow or brown, ovoid, 1-2.5 mm, smooth. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jun-Oct.
Cultivated throughout China, often escaped to roadsides, fields, grasslands, and stream banks [native to N and SW Asia, probably also S Europe; now cosmopolitan].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Medicago sativa L.
英文名（English Common Name）：alfalfa
别名（Chinese Common Name）：苜蓿
异名（Synonym）： Medicago asiatica subsp. sinensis Sinskaya Medicago beipinensis Vassilcz. Medicago afghanica Vassilcz. Medicago tibetana (Alef.) Vassilcz. Trigonella upendrae H.J.Chowdhery & R.R.Rao Medicago praesativa Sinskaya Medicago sogdiana (Brand)Vassilcz. Medicago polia (Brand)Vassilcz. Medicago orientalis Vassilcz. Medicago mesopotamica Vassilcz. Medicago ladak Vassilcz. Medicago afganica (Bordere)Vassilcz. Medicago grandiflora (Grossh.)Vassilcz.
科属（Family & Genus）：蝶形花科,Fabaceae苜蓿属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，高30-100厘米。根粗壮，深入土层，根颈发达。茎直立、丛生以至平卧，四棱形，无毛或微被柔毛，枝叶茂盛。羽状三出复叶；托叶大，卵状披针形，先端锐尖，基部全缘或具1-2齿裂，脉纹清晰；叶柄比小叶短；小叶长卵形、倒长卵形至线状卵形，等大，或顶生小叶稍大，长 (5) 10-25 (-40) 毫米，宽3-10毫米，纸质，先端钝圆，具由中脉伸出的长齿尖，基部狭窄，楔形，边缘三分之一以上具锯齿，上面无毛，深绿色，下面被贴伏柔毛，侧脉8-10对，与中脉成锐角，在近叶边处略有分叉；顶生小叶柄比侧生小叶柄略长。花序总状或头状，长1-2.5厘米，具花5-30朵；总花梗挺直，比叶长；苞片线状锥形，比花梗长或等长；花长6-12毫米；花梗短，长约2毫米；萼钟形，长3-5毫米，萼齿线状锥形，比萼筒长，被贴伏柔毛；花冠各色：淡黄、深蓝至暗紫色，花瓣均具长瓣柄，旗瓣长圆形，先端微凹，明显较翼瓣和龙骨瓣长，翼瓣较龙骨瓣稍长；子房线形，具柔毛，花柱短阔，上端细尖，柱头点状，胚珠多数。荚果螺旋状紧卷2-4 (-6) 圈，中央无孔或近无孔，径5-9毫米，被柔毛或渐脱落，脉纹细，不清晰，熟时棕色；有种子10-20粒。种子卵形，长1-2.5毫米，平滑，黄色或棕色。花期5-7月，果期6-8月。
分布（Distribution）：全国各地都有栽培或呈半野生状态，生于田边、路旁、旷野、草原、河岸及沟谷等地。欧亚大陆和世界各国广泛种植。
用途（Use）：
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 10 Page 553, 556
Medicago sativa Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 778. 1753.
紫苜蓿 zi mu xu| Fabaceae | Medicago
Medicago afghanica Vassilczenko; M. alaschanica Vassilczenko; M. asiatica Sinskaya subsp. sinensis Sinskaya; M. beipinensis Vassilczenko; M. pekinensis Vassilczenko; M. rivularis Vassilczenko; M. roborovskii Vassilczenko; M. sativa var. tibetana Alefeld; M. tibetana (Alefeld) Vassilczenko.
Perennial herbs, 30-100 cm. Stems erect, ascending, rarely prostrate, quadrangular, glabrous or puberulent, much branched. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, base entire or with 1 or 2 denticles, apex acute; leaflets long ovate, obovate, to linear-ovate, (5-)10-25(-40) × 3-10 mm, papery, appressed pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, lateral veins 8-10 pairs, base tapering, margin serrulate in upper 1/3, apex rounded, mucronate with a denticle from midrib. Heads or racemes with 5-30 flowers, 1-2.5 cm; peduncles straight, longer than leaves; bracts equal to pedicels, ca. 2 mm. Corolla variable in color, white, deep blue, to dark purple; standard oblong, retuse. Ovary linear; ovules numerous. Legume tightly coiled in 2-4(-6) spirals, 5-9 mm in diam., center solid or nearly so, brown when ripe, veins thin and inconspicuous. Seeds 10-20, yellow or brown, ovoid, 1-2.5 mm, smooth. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jun-Oct.
Cultivated throughout China, often escaped to roadsides, fields, grasslands, and stream banks [native to N and SW Asia, probably also S Europe; now cosmopolitan].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）踩一下[1]
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