亚麻Linum usitatissimum
中文名(Chinese Name):亚麻
学名(Scientific Name):Linum usitatissimum Linn.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):山西胡麻、壁虱胡麻
异名(Synonym):Linum humile Mill. Linum usitatissimum var. humile (P. Mill.) Pers. Linum crepitans (Boenn.) Dumort. Linum indehiscens (Neilr.) Vavilov & Elladi Linum usitatissimum subsp. crepitans Elladi Linum usitatissimum subsp. humile (Mill.) Chernom. Linum usitatissimum var. crepitans Boenn. Linum usitatissimum var. indehiscens Neilr.
科属(Family & Genus):亚麻科(Linaceae)亚麻属
形态特征(Description):一年生草本。茎直立,高30-120厘米,多在上部分枝,有时自茎基部亦有分枝,但密植则不分枝,基部木质化,无毛,韧皮部纤维强韧弹性,构造如棉。叶互生;叶片线形,线状披针形或披针形,长2-4厘米,宽1-5毫米,先端锐尖,基部渐狭,无柄,内卷,有3(5)出脉。花单生于枝顶或枝的上部叶腋,组成疏散的聚伞花序;花直径15-20毫米;花梗长1-3厘米,直立;萼片5,卵形或卵状披针形,长约5-8毫米,先端凸尖或长尖,有3(5)脉;中央一脉明显凸起,边缘膜质,无腺点,全缘,有时上部有锯齿,宿存;花瓣5,倒卵形,长8-12毫米,蓝色或紫蓝色,稀白色或红色,先端啮蚀状;雄蕊5枚,花丝基部合生;退化雄蕊5枚,钻状;子房5室,花柱5枚,分离,柱头比花柱微粗,细线状或棒状,长于或几等于雄蕊。蒴果球形,干后棕黄色,直径6-9毫米,顶端微尖,室间开裂成5瓣;种子10粒,长圆形,扁平,长3.5-4毫米,棕褐色。花期6-8月,果期7-10月。
分布(Distribution):全国各地皆有栽培,但以北方和西南地区较为普遍;有时逸为野生。原产地中海地区,现欧、亚温带多有栽培。
用途(Use):为重要的纤维、油料和药用植物。
引自植物志英文版: FOC Vol. 11 Page 35, 36
Linum usitatissimum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 277. 1753.
亚麻 ya ma | Linaceae | Linum
Linum humile Miller.
Annuals 30-120 cm tall. Stems simple, cylindric, erect, woody at base, apically corymbosely branched. Leaves alternate, linear, linear-lanceolate, or lanceolate, 2-4 cm × 1-5 mm, 3(or 5)-veined from base, base attenuate, apex acute. Flowers axillary, solitary or in broad cymes, 15-20 mm in diam. Pedicel 1-3 cm, erect. Sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 5-8 mm, 3(or 5)-veined from base, nonglandular, margin entire or ciliate, apex acute to acuminate. Petals blue, rarely white or red, obovate, 0.8-1.2 cm. Styles distinct; stigma linear-clavate. Capsule globose, 6-9 mm in diam., septicidal, with 10 seeds. Seeds brown, oblong, flattened, 3.5-4 mm. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Jul-Oct. 2n = 30.
Cultivated throughout China except Hainan and Taiwan, sometimes naturalized [origin uncertain but possibly the Mediterranean region and/or parts of W Asia and W Europe, widely cultivated].
This species is used for fiber and oil.


(责任编辑:徐晔春)
学名(Scientific Name):Linum usitatissimum Linn.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):山西胡麻、壁虱胡麻
异名(Synonym):Linum humile Mill. Linum usitatissimum var. humile (P. Mill.) Pers. Linum crepitans (Boenn.) Dumort. Linum indehiscens (Neilr.) Vavilov & Elladi Linum usitatissimum subsp. crepitans Elladi Linum usitatissimum subsp. humile (Mill.) Chernom. Linum usitatissimum var. crepitans Boenn. Linum usitatissimum var. indehiscens Neilr.
科属(Family & Genus):亚麻科(Linaceae)亚麻属
形态特征(Description):一年生草本。茎直立,高30-120厘米,多在上部分枝,有时自茎基部亦有分枝,但密植则不分枝,基部木质化,无毛,韧皮部纤维强韧弹性,构造如棉。叶互生;叶片线形,线状披针形或披针形,长2-4厘米,宽1-5毫米,先端锐尖,基部渐狭,无柄,内卷,有3(5)出脉。花单生于枝顶或枝的上部叶腋,组成疏散的聚伞花序;花直径15-20毫米;花梗长1-3厘米,直立;萼片5,卵形或卵状披针形,长约5-8毫米,先端凸尖或长尖,有3(5)脉;中央一脉明显凸起,边缘膜质,无腺点,全缘,有时上部有锯齿,宿存;花瓣5,倒卵形,长8-12毫米,蓝色或紫蓝色,稀白色或红色,先端啮蚀状;雄蕊5枚,花丝基部合生;退化雄蕊5枚,钻状;子房5室,花柱5枚,分离,柱头比花柱微粗,细线状或棒状,长于或几等于雄蕊。蒴果球形,干后棕黄色,直径6-9毫米,顶端微尖,室间开裂成5瓣;种子10粒,长圆形,扁平,长3.5-4毫米,棕褐色。花期6-8月,果期7-10月。
分布(Distribution):全国各地皆有栽培,但以北方和西南地区较为普遍;有时逸为野生。原产地中海地区,现欧、亚温带多有栽培。
用途(Use):为重要的纤维、油料和药用植物。
引自植物志英文版: FOC Vol. 11 Page 35, 36
Linum usitatissimum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 277. 1753.
亚麻 ya ma | Linaceae | Linum
Linum humile Miller.
Annuals 30-120 cm tall. Stems simple, cylindric, erect, woody at base, apically corymbosely branched. Leaves alternate, linear, linear-lanceolate, or lanceolate, 2-4 cm × 1-5 mm, 3(or 5)-veined from base, base attenuate, apex acute. Flowers axillary, solitary or in broad cymes, 15-20 mm in diam. Pedicel 1-3 cm, erect. Sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 5-8 mm, 3(or 5)-veined from base, nonglandular, margin entire or ciliate, apex acute to acuminate. Petals blue, rarely white or red, obovate, 0.8-1.2 cm. Styles distinct; stigma linear-clavate. Capsule globose, 6-9 mm in diam., septicidal, with 10 seeds. Seeds brown, oblong, flattened, 3.5-4 mm. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Jul-Oct. 2n = 30.
Cultivated throughout China except Hainan and Taiwan, sometimes naturalized [origin uncertain but possibly the Mediterranean region and/or parts of W Asia and W Europe, widely cultivated].
This species is used for fiber and oil.
(责任编辑:徐晔春)
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