中文名（Chinese Name）：菊芋
学名（Scientific Name）：Helianthus tuberosus L.
英文名（English Common Name）：Jerusalem artichoke
别名（Chinese Common Name）：鬼子姜、洋姜
异名（Synonym）：Helianthus serotinus Tausch  Helianthus tuberosus var. subcanescens A.Gray
科属（Family & Genus）：菊科（Compositae）向日葵属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，高1-3米，有块状的地下茎及纤维状根。茎直立，有分枝，被白色短糙毛或刚毛。叶通常对生，有叶柄，但上部叶互生；下部叶卵圆形或卵状椭圆形，有长柄，长10-16厘米，宽3-6厘米，基部宽楔形或圆形，有时微心形，顶端渐细尖，边缘有粗锯齿，有离基三出脉，上面被白色短粗毛、下面被柔毛，叶脉上有短硬毛，上部叶长椭圆形至阔披针形，基部渐狭，下延成短翅状，顶端渐尖，短尾状。头状花序较大，少数或多数，单生于枝端，有1-2个线状披针形的苞叶，直立，径2-5厘米，总苞片多层，披针形，长14-17毫米、宽2-3毫米，顶端长渐尖，背面被短伏毛，边缘被开展的缘毛；托片长圆形，长8毫米，背面有肋、上端不等三浅裂。舌状花通常12-20个，舌片黄色，开展，长椭圆形，长1.7-3厘米；管状花花冠黄色，长6毫米。瘦果小，楔形，上端有2-4个有毛的锥状扁芒。花期8-9月。
分布（Distribution）：原产北美，我国各地均有栽培。
用途（Use）：可供食用。块茎含有丰富的淀粉，是优良的多汁饲料。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 20-21 Page 874, 875
Helianthus tuberosus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 905. 1753.
菊芋 ju yu| Asteraceae  | Helianthus
Helianthus tomentosus Michaux; H. tuberosus var. subcanescens A. Gray.
Herbs, perennial, 50-200 cm, rhizomatous, producing tubers late in growing season. Stems erect, scabrid-hispid to hirsute, sometimes glaucous. Leaves mostly cauline, opposite or alternate proximally, usually alternate distally; petiole 2-8 cm, often ± winged; blade lanceolate to ovate, 10-23 × 7-15 cm, 3-veined from near base, abaxially puberulent or hirsutulous to tomentulose and gland-dotted or ± scabrid, base broadly to narrowly cuneate, margin entire or serrate. Capitula 3-15; peduncles 1-15 cm; involucres hemispheric, 10-25 × 8-12 mm; phyllaries often dark green, drying nearly black, 22-35, subequal, lanceolate, 8.5-15 × 2-4 mm, abaxially hispidulous or puberulent, gland-dotted, base appressed, margin ciliate, apex ± spreading, sometimes reflexed in fruit, acuminate; paleae 8-9 mm, 3-toothed, apices hairy. Ray florets 10-20; lamina 25-40 mm. Disk florets 60+; corollas 6-7 mm, lobes yellow; anthers dark brown or black, appendages dark or yellowish. Achenes 5-7 mm, glabrous or apically hairy; pappus of 2 aristate scales 1.9-3 mm plus 0-1 deltate scales 0.5-0.8 mm. Fl. Aug-Sep. 2n = 102.
Roadsides, fields, wastelands. Widely cultivated and sometimes naturalized in China [native to North America; widely cultivated in temperate areas].
Helianthus tuberosus is a vegetable crop and widely naturalized.（责任编辑：徐晔春）