艾纳香Blumea balsamifera

艾纳香Blumea balsamifera

艾纳香Blumea balsamifera

艾纳香Blumea balsamifera
中文名(Chinese Name):艾纳香
学名(Scientific Name):Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC.
英文名(English Common Name): ngai camphor
别名(Chinese Common Name):大风艾
异名(Synonym):Baccharis salvia Lour.  Blumea balsamifera var. microcephala Kitam.  Conyza balsamifera L.  Pluchea balsamifera (L.) Less.  Blumea grandis DC.  Baccharis gratissima Blume ex DC.  Pluchea appendiculata (DC.) Zoll. & Mor.
科属(Family & Genus):菊科(Compositae)艾纳香属
形态特征(Description):多年生草本或亚灌木。茎粗壮,直立,高1-3米,基部径约1.8厘米,或更粗,茎皮灰褐色,有纵条棱,木质部松软,白色,有径约12毫米的髓部,节间长2-6厘米,上部的节间较短,被黄褐色密柔毛。下部叶宽椭圆形或长圆状披针形,长22-25厘米,宽8-10厘米,基部渐狭,具柄,柄两侧有3-5对狭线形的附属物,顶端短尖或钝,边缘有细锯齿,上面被柔毛,下面被淡褐色或黄白色密绢状棉毛,中脉在下面凸起,侧脉10-15对,弧状上升,不抵边缘,有不明显的网脉;上部叶长圆状披针形或卵状披针形,长7-12厘米,宽1.5-3.5厘米,基部略尖,无柄或有短柄,柄的两侧常有1-3对狭线形的附属物,顶端渐尖,全缘、具细锯齿或羽状齿裂,侧脉斜上升,通常与中脉成锐角。头状花序多数,径5-8毫米,排列成开展具叶的大圆锥花序;花序梗长5-8毫米,被黄褐色密柔毛;总苞钟形,长约7毫米,稍长于花盘;总苞片约6层,草质,外层长圆形,长1.5-2.5毫米,顶端钝或短尖,背面被密柔毛,中层线形,顶端略尖,背面被疏毛,内层长于外层4倍;花托蜂窝状,径2-3毫米,无毛。花黄色,雌花多数,花冠细管状,长约6毫米,檐部2-4齿裂,裂片无毛;两性花较少数,与雌花几等长,花冠管状,向上渐宽,檐部5齿裂,裂片卵形,短尖,被短柔毛。瘦果圆柱形,长约1毫米,具5条棱,被密柔毛。冠毛红褐色,糙毛状,长4-6毫米。花期几乎全年。
分布(Distribution):产云南、贵州、广西、广东、福建及台湾,生于海拔600-1000米的林缘、林下及草地上,东南亚也有。
用途(Use):此植物为提取冰片的原料,故有冰片艾之称。又为发汗祛痰药,对食伤、霍乱、中暑、胸腹疼痛等有一定疗效。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 20-21 Page 830, 833
Blumea balsamifera (Linnaeus) Candolle, Prodr. 5: 447. 1836.
艾纳香 ai na xiang| Asteraceae  | Blumea
Conyza balsamifera Linnaeus, Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 1208. 1763; Baccharis salvia Loureiro; Blumea balsamifera var. microcephala Kitamura; Pluchea balsamifera (Linnaeus) Lessing.
Shrubs or subshrubs, perennial, erect, 1-3 m tall. Stems corymbosely branched, woody at base; bark grayish brown; branches terete, densely lanate-villous with yellowish white hairs. Leaves narrowly oblong, 15-18 × 3.5-5 cm, abaxially densely silky-lanate, adaxially rugose and pilose with blunt multicellular hairs, base narrowed, auriculate, auricles 10-12 mm on short petiole, margin serrulate to serrate usually with upcurved teeth, apex acuminate; veins 10-12 pairs. Capitula 6-7 mm, in spreading pyramidal panicles, pedunculate. Involucres campanulate; phyllaries in 3 or 4 series, densely lanate on outer surface, outer ones smaller, oblong-lanceolate 1-3 mm, compressed, inner longer, linear 5-6 mm. Receptacle 2.5-3 mm in diam., flat, alveolate, glabrous. Marginal florets filiform, to 6 mm, 2-4-lobed. Central florets yellow, tubular, 6-7 mm, lobes papillate, with sessile glands and sparse multicellular hairs. Achenes brown, terete, oblong, ca. 1 mm, sparsely hirsute. Pappus reddish, 4-6 mm. Fl. year-round. 2n = 18.
Dry fields, thickets, grasslands, mountain slopes, riverbanks; below 1200 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].

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