西洋蓍草Achillea millefolium
中文名(Chinese Name):西洋蓍草
学名(Scientific Name):Achillea millefolium L.
英文名(English Common Name):common yarrow
别名(Chinese Common Name):千叶蓍、洋蓍草
异名(Synonym):Achillea marginata Turcz. ex Ledeb. Achillea tenuis Schur Achillea gigantea Pollard Achillea submillefolium Klokov & Krytzka Achillea californica Pollard Achillea arenicola A.Heller Achillios millefoliatus St.-Lag. Achillea puberula Rydb. Achillea sordida (W.D.J.Koch) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. Achillea seidlii J.Presl & C.Presl Achillea fusca Rydb. Achillea ossica K.Koch Achillea pecten-veneris Pollard Achillea coronopifolia Willd. Achillea pannonica Scheele Achillea pratensis Saukel & R.Länger Achillea anethifolia Fisch. ex Herder Achillea ceretanica Sennen Achillea angustissima Rydb. Achillea albida Willd. Achillea bicolor Wender. Alitubus millefolium (L.) Dulac Achillea megacephala Raup Achillea cuspidata Wall. Achillea nigrescens (E.Mey.) Rydb. Achillea eradiata Piper Achillea pumila Schur Achillea subalpina Greene Achillea pseudotanitifolia Wierzb. ex Rchb. Chamaemelum millefolium (L.) E.H.L.Krause Achillea palmeri Rydb. Alitubus tomentosus Dulac Achillea subhirsuta Gilib. Chamaemelum tanacetifolium (All.) E.H.L.Krause Achillea borealis Bong. Achillea millefolium var. californica (Pollard) Jeps. Achillea millefolium var. colliniformis Dabrowska Achillea millefolium var. dipetala Dabrowska Achillea millefolium var. dissecta Dabrowska Achillea millefolium var. fulva Achillea millefolium var. fusca (Rydb.) G.N.Jones Achillea millefolium var. iserana Podp. Achillea millefolium var. lanata W.D.J.Koch Achillea borealis f. fusca (Rydb.) Hultén Achillea borealis subsp. arenicola (A.Heller) D.D.Keck Achillea borealis subsp. californica (Pollard) D.D.Keck Achillea borealis var. arenicola J.T.Howell Achillea borealis var. californica (Pollard) J.T.Howell Achillea lanulosa f. peroutkyi F.Seym. Achillea lanulosa f. rubicunda Farw. Achillea lanulosa subsp. alpicola (Rydb.) D.D.Keck Achillea lanulosa subsp. megacephala (Raup) Argus Achillea lanulosa var. alpicola (Rydb.) Rydb. Achillea lanulosa var. arachnoidea Lunell Achillea lanulosa var. eradiata (Piper) M.Peck Achillea millefolium var. lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper Achillea millefolium var. litoralis Ehrenb. ex Nobs Achillea millefolium var. lobata Dabrowska Achillea millefolium var. maritima Jeps. Achillea millefolium var. megacephala (Raup) B.Boivin Achillea millefolium var. nigrescens E.Mey. Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC. Achillea millefolium var. pacifica (Rydb.) G.N.Jones Achillea millefolium var. parviligula Achillea millefolium var. parvula Achillea millefolium f. albiflora Dabrowska Achillea millefolium f. californica (Pollard) H.M.Hall Achillea millefolium f. discolor B.Boivin Achillea millefolium f. iserana (Podp.) Hayek Achillea millefolium f. rhodantha Lepage Achillea millefolium f. rosea (Desf.) E.L.Rand & Redfield Achillea millefolium f. roseiflora B.Boivin Achillea millefolium f. roseoides Breitung Achillea millefolium f. rubicunda (Farw.) Farw. Achillea millefolium subsp. atrotegula B.Boivin Achillea millefolium subsp. balearica Sennen Achillea millefolium subsp. compacta (Lam.) Bonnier & Layens Achillea millefolium subsp. lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper Achillea millefolium subsp. pallidotegula Achillea millefolium var. alpicola (Rydb.) Garrett Achillea millefolium var. asplenifolia (Vent.) Farw. Achillea millefolium var. borealis (Bong.) Farw. Achillea millefolium var. rosea (Desf.) Torr. & A.Gray Achillea millefolium var. russeolata Achillea millefolium var. sordida W.D.J.Koch Achillea millefolium var. spathulata Dabrowska Achillea pannonica f. laxa Dabrowska Achillea tenuifolia var. albicaulis (C.A.Mey.) Trautv. Achillea millefolium KIRSCHKONIGIN
科属(Family & Genus):菊科(Compositae)蓍属
形态特征(Description):多年生草本,具细的匍匐根茎。茎直立,高40-100厘米,有细条纹,通常被白色长柔毛,上部分枝或不分枝,中部以上叶腋常有缩短的不育枝。叶无柄,披针形、矩圆状披针形或近条形,长5-7厘米,宽1-1.5厘米,(二)至三回羽状全裂,叶轴宽约1.5-2毫米,一回裂片多数,间隔1.5-7毫米,有时基部裂片之间的上部有1中间齿,末回裂片披针形至条形,长0.5-1.5毫米,宽0.3-0.5毫米,顶端具软骨质短尖,上面密生凹入的腺体,多少被毛,下面被较密的贴伏的长柔毛。下部叶和营养枝的叶长10-20厘米,宽1-2.5厘米。头状花序多数,密集成直径2-6厘米的复伞房状;总苞矩圆形或近卵形,长约4毫米,宽约3毫米,疏生柔毛;总苞片3层,覆瓦状排列,椭圆形至矩圆形,长1.5-3毫米,宽1-1.3毫米,背中间绿色,中脉凸起,边缘膜质,棕色或淡黄色;托片矩圆状椭圆形,膜质,背面散生黄色闪亮的腺点,上部被短柔毛。边花5朵;舌片近圆形,白色、粉红色或淡紫红色,长1.5-3毫米,宽2-2.5毫米,顶端2-3齿;盘花两性,管状,黄色,长约2.2-3毫米,5齿裂,外面具腺点。瘦果矩圆形,长约2毫米,淡绿色,有狭的淡白色边肋,无冠状冠毛。花果期7-9月。
分布(Distribution):广泛分布于欧洲、非洲、伊朗至俄罗斯,生于湿草地、荒地,现栽培的多为园艺种。
用途(Use):叶、花含芳香油,全草又可入药,有发汗、驱风之效。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 20-21 Page 760
Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 899. 1753.
蓍 shi| Asteraceae | Achillea
Herbs, perennial, 40-100 cm tall, with long rhizomes; stems erect, unbranched or branched in upper part, often with short sterile branches at leaf axils above middle, striate, usually white villous. Leaves sessile; leaf blade lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or sublinear, 5-20 × 1-2.5 cm, (2 or)3-pinnatisect, abaxially densely villous, adaxially densely depressed glandular punctuate; ultimate segments lanceolate to linear, 0.5-1.5 × 0.3-0.5 mm, apex cartilaginous-mucronulate. Synflorescence a terminal flat-topped panicle 2-6 cm in diam. Capitula many. Involucres oblong or subovoid, ca. 4 × 3 mm; phyllaries in 3 rows, elliptic or oblong, 1.5-3 × 1-1.3 mm, scarious margin pale yellow or brown; midvein convex. Paleae oblong-elliptic, scarious, abaxially yellow gland-dotted. Ray florets 5; lamina white, pink, or violet-red, suborbicular, 1.5-3 × 2-2.5 mm, apex 2- or 3-denticulate. Disk florets yellow, tubular, 2.2-3 mm, exterior gland-dotted, apex 5-lobed. Achenes greenish, oblong, ca. 2 mm, with white lateral ribs. Corona absent. Fl. and fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = 18, 27, 36 + 0-2B, 45, 54 + 0-3B, 72.
Widely cultivated in China, locally naturalized. Nei Mongol, Xinjiang [native to temperate and alpine regions of N Hemisphere].
Achillea millefolium is a very variable species with many synonyms outside of China.
The whole plant is used medicinally for inducing sweat and dispelling diseases.
(责任编辑:徐晔春)
踩一下[1]
顶一下[9]