瞿麦Dianthus superbus
中文名(Chinese Name):瞿麦
学名(Scientific Name):Dianthus superbus L.
英文名(English Common Name):fringed pink
别名(Chinese Common Name):大石竹
异名(Synonym):Dianthus szechuensis F. N. Williams;Caryophyllus superbus Moench;Cylichnanthus fimbriatus Dulac;Dianthus contortus Sm.;Dianthus multifidus Gilib.;Dianthus revolutus Tausch;Dianthus schizopetalus Wallr.;Dianthus superbus f. leucanthus T.Shimizu;Dianthus superbus subsp. norvegicus M.Kuzmina;Dianthus wimmeri Wich.;Plumaria superba Opiz;Plumaria vulgaris Opiz;Silene superba E.H.L.Krause;Dianthus [Fringed Pink]
科属(Family & Genus):石竹科(Caryophyllaceae)石竹属
形态特征(Description):多年生草本,高50-60厘米,有时更高。茎丛生,直立,绿色,无毛,上部分枝。叶片线状披针形,长5-10厘米,宽3-5毫米,顶端锐尖,中脉特显,基部合生成鞘状,绿色,有时带粉绿色。花1或2朵生枝端,有时顶下腋生;苞片2-3对,倒卵形,长6-10毫米,约为花萼1/4,宽4-5毫米,顶端长尖;花萼圆筒形,长2.5-3厘米,直径3-6毫米,常染紫红色晕,萼齿披针形,长4-5毫米;花瓣长4-5厘米,爪长1.5-3厘米,包于萼筒内,瓣片宽倒卵形,边缘繸裂至中部或中部以上,通常淡红色或带紫色,稀白色,喉部具丝毛状鳞片;雄蕊和花柱微外露。蒴果圆筒形,与宿存萼等长或微长,顶端4裂;种子扁卵圆形,长约2毫米,黑色,有光泽。花期6-9月,果期8-10月。
分布(Distribution):产我国大部分地区,生于海拔400-3700米丘陵山地疏林下、林缘、草甸、沟谷溪边。欧洲至蒙古,朝鲜及日本均有。
用途(Use):全草入药,有清热、利尿、破血通经功效。也可作农药,能杀虫。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 6 Page 106
Dianthus superbus Linnaeus, Fl. Suec., ed. 2. 146. 1755.
瞿麦 qu mai| Caryophyllaceae | Dianthus
Herbs perennial, green to glaucous, to 60 cm tall or more. Stems caespitose, erect, distally branched, glabrous, large jointed. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 5--10 cm × 3--5 mm, sometimes glabrescent, midvein prominent, base connate into a sheath, apex sharply pointed. Flowers 1 or 2, terminal, sometimes axillary; bracts 4 or 6, elliptic to broadly ovate or obovate, 6--10 × 4--5 mm, ca. 1/4 as long as calyx, apex subulate or long acuminate. Calyx usually reddish purple, cylindric, 2.5--3 cm × 3--7 mm; teeth lanceolate, 4--5 mm. Petals 4--5 cm; claw 1.5--3 cm, surrounded by calyx tube; limb broadly obovate, 2--3 cm, fimbriate for at least 1/2 its length, throat bearded. Stamens and styles slightly exserted. Capsule cylindric, equaling or slightly longer than calyx, 4-toothed. Seeds black, glossy, compressed ovoid, ca. 2 mm. Fl. Jun--Sep, fr. Aug--Oct.
Wooded hills, forest openings and margins, grassy hillsides, meadows, mountain valley streams, river banks; 400--3700 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Zhejiang [Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, N and W Mongolia, Russia (Far East, Siberia); Europe].
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