中文名（Chinese Name）：石竹
学名（Scientific Name）：Dianthus chinensis L.
英文名（English Common Name）：rainbow pink
别名（Chinese Common Name）：洛阳花
异名（Synonym）：Dianthus chinensis var. versicolor (Fisch. ex Link) Y. C. Ma  Dianthus chinensis var. subulifolius (Kitagawa) Y. C. Ma  Dianthus chinensis var. morii (Nakai) Y. C. Chu  Dianthus chinensis var. liaotungensis Y. C. Chu  Dianthus chinensis var. longisquama Nakai et Kitagawa  Dianthus chinensis var. sylvaticus Koch  Dianthus chinensis var. trinervis D. Q. Lu  Dianthus sequieri Chaix  Dianthus subulifolius Kitag.  Dianthus subulifolius f. leucopetalus Kitag.  Dianthus chinensis var. dentosus (Fisch. ex Rchb.) Debeaux  Dianthus amurensis Jacquem.  Dianthus chinensis f. ignescens (Nakai) Kitag.  Dianthus morii Nakai  Dianthus sequieri var. dentosus (Fisch. ex Rchb.) Franch.  Dianthus fischeri Spreng.  Dianthus chinensis var. ignescens Nakai  Dianthus chinensis var. jingpoensis G. Y. Zhang et X. Y. Yuan  Dianthus chinensis var. macrosepalus Franch. ex Bailey  Dianthus dentosus Fisch. ex Rchb.  Dianthus versicolor var. leucopetalus (Kitag.) Y. C. Chu  Dianthus versicolor var. subulifolius (Kitag.) Y. C. Chu  Dianthus chinensis subsp. versicolor (Fisch. ex Link) Vorosch.  Dianthus chinensis var. amurensis (Jacq.) Kitag.  Dianthus versicolor Fisch. ex Link  Dianthus altaicus Willd. ex Ledeb.  Dianthus chinensis f. albiflora Y.N.Lee  Dianthus chinensis subsp. paracampestris Vorosch.  Dianthus chinensis var. serpens Y.N.Lee  Dianthus chinensis var. shandongensis J.X.Li,F.Q.Zhou  Dianthus jeniseensis Less. ex Ledeb.  Dianthus laciniatus Makino  Dianthus sinensis Link  Dianthus pulcher Salisb.  Dianthus patens Willd.  Dianthus pineticola Kleopow  Dianthus ruthenicus Roem. ex Poir.  Dianthus schraderi Rchb.  Dianthus tataricus Fisch.  Dianthus umbellatus DC.  Dianthus versicolor f. leucopetalus (Kitag.) Y.C.Chu  Dianthus versicolor var. ninelli G.A.Peschkova  Dianthus willdenowii Link
科属（Family & Genus）：石竹科（Caryophyllaceae）石竹属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，高30-50厘米，全株无毛，带粉绿色。茎由根颈生出，疏丛生，直立，上部分枝。叶片线状披针形，长3-5厘米，宽2-4毫米，顶端渐尖，基部稍狭，全缘或有细小齿，中脉较显。花单生枝端或数花集成聚伞花序；花梗长1-3厘米；苞片4，卵形，顶端长渐尖，长达花萼1/2以上，边缘膜质，有缘毛；花萼圆筒形，长15-25毫米，直径4-5毫米，有纵条纹，萼齿披针形，长约5毫米，直伸，顶端尖，有缘毛；花瓣长16-18毫米，瓣片倒卵状三角形，长13-15毫米，紫红色、粉红色、鲜红色或白色，顶缘不整齐齿裂，喉部有斑纹，疏生髯毛；雄蕊露出喉部外，花药蓝色；子房长圆形，花柱线形。蒴果圆筒形，包于宿存萼内，顶端4裂；种子黑色，扁圆形。花期5-6月，果期7-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产我国北方，现全国各地有栽培。
用途（Use）：现已广泛栽培。育出许多品种，是很好的观赏花卉。根和全草入药，清热利尿，破血通经，散瘀消肿。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 6 Page 104
Dianthus chinensis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 411. 1753.
石竹 shi zhu | Caryophyllaceae  | Dianthus
Dianthus amurensis Jacques; D. chinensis var. amurensis (Jacques) Kitagawa; D. chinensis var. dentosus (Fischer ex Reichenbach) Debeaux; D. chinensis f. ignescens (Nakai) Kitagawa; D. chinensis var. ignescens Nakai; D. chinensis var. jingpoensis G. Y. Zhang & X. Y. Yuan; D. chinensis var. liaotungensis Y. C. Chu; D. chinensis var. longisquama Nakai & Kitagawa; D. chinensis var. macrosepalus Franchet ex L. H. Bailey; D. chinensis var. morii (Nakai) Y. C. Chu; D. chinensis var. subulifolius (Kitagawa) Y. C. Ma; D. chinensis var. sylvaticus W. D. J. Koch; D. chinensis var. trinervis D. Q. Lu; D. chinensis subsp. versicolor (Fisher ex Link) Voroschilov; D. chinensis var. versicolor (Fisher ex Link) Y. C. Ma; D. dentosus Fischer ex Reichenbach; D. fischeri Sprengel; D. morii Nakai; D. sequieri Chaix; D. sequieri var. dentosus (Fischer ex Reichenbach) Franchet; D. subulifolius Kitagawa; D. subulifolius f. leucopetalus Kitagawa; D. versicolor Fisher ex Link; D. versicolor f. leucopetalus (Kitagawa) Y. C. Chu; D. versicolor var. subulifolius (Kitagawa) Y. C. Chu.
Herbs perennial, 30--50 cm tall, glabrous. Stems laxly caespitose, erect, distally branched. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 3--5 cm × 2--4 mm, midvein prominent, base slightly narrowed, margin entire or denticulate, apex acuminate. Flowers solitary or several in cymes; pedicel 1--3 cm; bracts 4, ovate, ca. 1/2 as long as calyx, margin membranous, ciliate, apex long acuminate. Calyx cylindric, 1.5--2.5 cm × 0.4--5 mm, striate; teeth lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, margin ciliate, apex sharply pointed. Petals 1.6--1.8 cm; limb bright red, purple-red, pink, or white, obovate-triangular, 1.3--1.5 cm, throat spotted and laxly bearded, apex irregularly toothed. Stamens exserted; anthers blue. Ovary suboblong. Styles linear. Capsule cylindric, surrounded by calyx, apex 4-toothed. Seeds black, compressed globose. Fl. May--Jun, fr. Jul--Sep. 2n = 30*.
Sandy forest margins, forest grasslands, scrub on mountain slopes, hillside grasslands, dry hillsides, sandy hill summits, valleys, rocky ravines, meadows, streamsides, mountain stream wetlands, mountain waterfalls, rocks, steppes, steppe sands, fixed dunes, seashores, also widely cultivated. Native in Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, and Xinjiang; naturalized in S China [Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Siberia, Far East); Europe].
Dianthus chinensis is a very variable species represented in China by both cultivated and wild plants. In FRPS, the species was divided into eight varieties (treated in synonymy here), all of them occurring as wild plants and var. chinensis also including the cultivated material. No key to the varieties was provided, and the features given in the diagnoses were not always parallel, making it almost impossible to identify any given plant to variety. Moreover, the plants cultivated as ornamentals comprise numerous cultivars. Further research is needed on the species in China and surrounding countries before a satisfactory infraspecific classification can be presented. In the present account, therefore, Dianthus chinensis is treated in the broadest sense.
The species is used medicinally.

（责任编辑：徐晔春）