中文名（Chinese Name）：反枝苋
学名（Scientific Name）：Amaranthus retroflexus Linn.
英文名（English Common Name）：redroot amaranth
别名（Chinese Common Name）：西风谷
异名（Synonym）：Amaranthus retroflexus var. salicifolius I.M. Johnston；Amaranthus bulgaricus Kov.；Amaranthus bullatus Besser ex Spreng.；Amaranthus curvifolius Spreng.；Amaranthus johnstonii Kov.；Amaranthus recurvatus Desf.；Amaranthus retroflexus f. rubricaulis Thell. ex Probst；Amaranthus retroflexus var. rubricaulis Thell.；Amaranthus rigidus Schult. ex Steud.；Galliaria retroflexa (L.) Nieuwl.；Galliaria scabra Bubani
科属（Family & Genus）：苋科（Amaranthaceae）苋属
形态特征（Description）：一年生草本，高20-80厘米，有时达1米多；茎直立，粗壮，单一或分枝，淡绿色，有时具带紫色条纹，稍具钝棱，密生短柔毛。叶片菱状卵形或椭圆状卵形，长5-12厘米，宽2-5厘米，顶端锐尖或尖凹，有小凸尖，基部楔形，全缘或波状缘，两面及边缘有柔毛，下面毛较密；叶柄长1.5-5.5厘米，淡绿色，有时淡紫色，有柔毛。圆锥花序顶生及腋生，直立，直径2-4厘米，由多数穗状花序形成，顶生花穗较侧生者长；苞片及小苞片钻形，长4-6毫米，白色，背面有1龙骨状突起，伸出顶端成白色尖芒；花被片矩圆形或矩圆状倒卵形，长2-2.5毫米，薄膜质，白色，有1淡绿色细中脉，顶端急尖或尖凹，具凸尖；雄蕊比花被片稍长；柱头3，有时2。胞果扁卵形，长约1.5毫米，环状横裂，薄膜质，淡绿色，包裹在宿存花被片内。种子近球形，直径1毫米，棕色或黑色，边缘钝。花期7-8月，果期8-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山东、山西、河南、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、新疆。生在田园内、农地旁、人家附近的草地上。原产美洲热带，现广泛传播并归化于世界各地。
用途（Use）：嫩茎叶为野菜，也可做家畜饲料；种子作青箱子入药；全草药用，治腹泻、痢疾、痔疮肿痛出血等症。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 5 Page 419
Amaranthus retroflexus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 991. 1753.
反枝苋 fan zhi xian| Amaranthaceae  | Amaranthus
Stem erect, light green, 20-80 cm tall, stout, branched or not, slightly obtusely angulate, densely pubescent. Petiole light green, 1.5-5.5 cm, hairy; leaf blade ovate-rhombic or elliptic, 5-12 × 2-5 cm, both surfaces shortly hairy, but densely hairy abaxially, base cuneate, margin entire and undulate, apex acute or notched, with a mucro. Complex thyrsoid structures terminal and axillary, erect, 2-4 cm in diam., including many spikes; terminal spikes longer than lateral ones. Bracts and bracteoles white, subulate, 4-6 mm, apex slenderly long pointed. Tepals white, oblong or oblong-obovate, 2-2.5 mm, membranous, with a green midvein, apex acute or notched, with a mucro. Stamens slightly longer than perianth. Stigmas 3, rarely 2. Utricles light green, ovoid, compressed, shorter than perianth, circumscissile. Seeds brown or black, subglobose, ca. 1 mm in diam., obtuse at margin. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Aug-Sep. 2n = 32*, 34*, 102*.
Waste places, field margins, roadsides. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Zhejiang [native origin uncertain; now cosmopolitan].
One of us (Clemants) does not recognize the following varieties.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）